Abstract
Nowadays the most frequently offered explanation for the failure of biotechno-logical measures to remediate polluted environments is poor bioavailability. We generally regard microorganisms as potent cleaning agents which are hindered by environmental factors as they pursue their business. On the other hand, ready bioavailability of pollutants to plants, animals and humans is one of the main risks arising from polluted sites. This seems to be contradictory, so much the more as limited bioavailability for degradation and ready bioavailability for toxic effects often are seen as characteristics of the same contamination. It appears that bioavailability is a Janus-faced characteristic of environmental chemicals. A treatise regarding bioavailability therefore requires a clear-cut definition of what is meant by this term and how a given bioavailability should be rated.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bosma TNP, Middeldorp PJM, Schraa G, et al. Mass transfer limitation of biotransformation: quantifying bioavailability. Environ Sci Technol 1997; 31: 248–252.
Adriaens P, Fu Q, Grbic-Galic D. Bioavailability and transformation of highly chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in anaerobic soils and sediments. Environ Sci Technol 1995; 29: 2252–2260.
Parsons JR, Toussaint M. The availability of chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans for biodegradation in Rhine sediment. In: Bioavailability, speciation and transformation of organic and inorganic compounds in soil and sediment systems. Wageningen, The Netherlands: The Netherlands Integrated Soil Research Programme Reports, 1996: 99–107.
Pignatello JJ, Xing B. Mechanisms of slow sorption of organic chemicals to natural particles. Environ Sci Technol 1996; 30: 1–11.
Karickhoff SW. Semi-empirical estimation of sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments and soils. Chemosphere 1981; 10: 833–846.
Schwarzenbach RP, Gschwend PM, Imboden DM. Environmental Organic Chemistry. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993
Hoff JT, Mackay D, Gillham R et al. Partitioning of organic chemicals at the air-water interface in environmental systems. Environ Sci Technol 1993; 272174–2180.
Quensen JF III, Boyd SA, Tiedje JM. Dechlorination of four commercial polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (Arochlors) by anaerobic microorganisms from sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56: 2360–2369.
Weissenfels WD, Klewer HJ, Langhoff J. Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) by soil particles–influence on biodegradability and biotoxicity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1992; 36: 689–696.
lo. Ogram AV, Jessup RE, Ou L-T et al. Effects of sorption on biological degradation rates of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid in soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985; 49: 582–587.
Alvarez-Cohen L, McCarty PL, Roberts PV. Sorption of trichloroethylene onto a zeolite accompanied by methanotrophic biotransformation. Environ Sci Technol 1993; 27: 2141–2148.
Alexander M. How toxic are toxic chemicals in soil? Environ Sci Technol 1995; 29: 2713–2717.
Di Domenico A, Silano V, Viviano G et al. Accidental release of 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at Sèveso, Italy. V. Environmental persistence of TCDD in soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 1980; 4:339-345.
Czuczwa JM, Hites RA. Environmental fate of combustion-generated polychlorinated dioxins and furans. Environ Sci Technol 1984; 18:444-450.
Beurskens JEM, Mol GAJ, Barreveld HL et al. Geochronology of priority pollutants in a sedimentation area of the Rhine river. Environ Toxicol Chem 1993; 12: 1549–1566.
Alcock RE, Jones KC. Dioxins in the environment: a review of trend data. Environ Sci Technol 1996; 30:3133-3143.
Ramaswami A, Goshal S, Luthy RG. Mass transfer and biodegradation of PAH compounds from coal tar. Wat Sci Technol 1994; 30: 61–70.
Volkering F, Breure AM, Sterkenburg A et al. Microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: effect of substrate availability on bacterial growth kinetics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1992; 36: 548–552.
Harms H, Zehnder AJB. Bioavailability of sorbed 3-chlorodibenzofuran. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:27-33.
Michaelis L, Menten MML. Die Kinetik der Invertinwirkung. Biochem Z 1913; 49:333-369.
Button DK. Kinetics of nutrient-limited transport and microbial growth. MicrobiolRev 1985; 49270–297.
Harms H, Bosma TNP. Mass transfer limitation of microbial growth and pollutant degradation. J Ind Microbiol 1997; 18: 97–105.
Law AT, Button DK. Multiple-carbon-source-limited growth kinetics of a marine coryneform bacterium. J Bacteriol 1977; 129: 115–123.
Jannasch, HW, Egli T. Microbial growth kinetics–a historical perspective. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1993; 63: 213–224.
Monod J. 1942. Recherches sur la croissance des cultures bactériennes. Paris: Hermann and Cie.
Monod J. La technique de culture continue; théorie et applications. Ann Inst Pasteur 1950; 79: 390–410.
Beefting HH, van der Heijden RTJM, Heijnen JJ. Maintenance requirements: energy supply from simultaneous endogenous respiration and substrate consumption. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1990; 73: 203–21o.
Herbert D. Some principles of continuous culture. In: Tuneval D, ed. Recent Progress in Microbiology. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1959:381-396
van Uden N. Transport-limited growth in the chemostat and its competitive inhibition; a theoretical treatment. Arch Mikrobiol 1967; 58145-154.
o. Tros ME, Bosma TNP, Schraa G et al. Measurement of minimum substrate concentration (Sm;,,) in a recycling fermentor and its prediction from the kinetic parameters of Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 from batch and chemostat cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:3655-3661.
Kovärové K, Käch A, Zehnder AJB et al. Cultivation of Escherichia coli with mixtures of 3-phenylpropionic acid and glucose: steady-state growth kinetics. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 63: 2619–2624.
Bumpus JA, Tien M, Wright D et al. Oxidation of persistent environmental pollutants by a white rot fungus. Science 1985; 228:1434-1436.
Valli K, Wariishi H, Gold MH. Degradation of 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Bacteriol 1992; 174: 2131–2137.
Takada S, Nakamura M, Matsueda T et al. Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans by the white rot fungus Phanerochate sordida YK-624. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62: 4323–4328.
Kirk TK, Farrell RL. Enzymatic “combustion”: the microbial degradation of lignin. Ann Rev Microbiol 1987; 41: 465–505.
Tien M. Properties of ligninase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and their possible applications. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 1987; 15: 141–168.
Harms H, Zehnder AJB. Influence of substrate diffusion on degradation of dibenzofuran and 3-chlorodibenzofuran by attached and suspended bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60: 2736–2745.
Koch AL, Wang CH. How close to the theoretical diffusion limit do bacterial uptake systems function? Arch Microbiol 1982; 131: 36–42.
Isensee AR, Jones GE. Distribution of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in aquatic model ecosystems. Environ Sci Technol 1975; 6: 1017–1019.
Ward CT, Matsumura F. Fate of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in a model aquatic environment. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1978; 7: 349–357.
Quensen JF III, Matsumura F. Oxidative degradation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin by microorganisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 1983; 2: 261–268.
Kearney PC, Woolson EA, Ellington CP. Persistence and metabolism of chlorodioxins in soils. Environ Sci Technol 1972; 6: 1017–1019.
Nash RG, Beall, ML Jr. Distribution of Silvex, 2,4-D, and TCDD applied to turf in chambers and field plots. J Agric Food Chem 1980; 28: 614–623.
Philippi M, Krasnobajew V, Zeyer J et al. Fate of TCDD in microbial cultures and in soil under laboratory conditions. In: Leisinger T, Hütter R, Cook AM, Nüesch J, eds. Microbial Degradation of Xenobiotics and Recalcitrant Compounds. London: Academic Press. 1981: 221–233.
Shiu WY, Doucette W, Gobas FAPC et al. Physical-chemical properties of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Environ Sci Technol 1988; 22: 651–658.
Drost-Hansen W. Structure of water near solid interfaces. Ind Eng Chem 1969; 57: 18–37.
Marple L, Brunck R, Throop L. Water solubility of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin. Environ Sci Technol 1986; 20: 180–182.
Chiou CT. Theoretical considerations of the partition uptake of nonionic organic compounds by soil organic matter. In: Sawhney BL, Brown K, eds. Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America, 1989: 1–29.
Loonen H. 1994. Bioavailability of chlorinated dioxins and furans in the aquatic environment. Ph.D. thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Garbarini DR, Lion LW. Influence of the nature of soil organics on the sorption of toluene and trichloroethylene. Environ Sci Technol 1986; 20: 1263–1269.
Grathwohl P. Verteilung unpolarer organischer Verbindungen in der wasserungesättigten Bodenzone am Beispiel leichtflüchtiger aliphatischer Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe. Ph.D. thesis. University of Tübingen, Germany, 1989: 1–102.
Grathwohl P. Influence of organic matter from soils and sediments from various origins on the sorption of some chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons: implications on K 0 correlations. Environ Sci Technol 1990; 24: 1687–1693.
Walters RW, Ostazeski SA, Guiseppi-Elie A. Sorption of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin from water by surface soils. Environ Sci Technol 1989; 23:480-484.
Sikkema J, de Bont JAM, Poolman B. Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons. Microbiol Rev 1995; 59: 201–222.
Baughman GL, Paris DF. Microbial bioconcentration of organic pollutants from aquatic systems–a critical review. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 1981; 8: 205–228.
Barkovskii AL, Adriaens P. Microbial dechlorination of historically present and freshly spiked chlorinated dioxins and diversity of dioxin-dechlorinating populations. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:4556-4562.
Jucker BA, Harms H, Zehnder AJB. Polymer interactions between bacterial cells and glass investigated using LPS micelles. Submitted for publication.
Bünz PV, Cook AM. Dibenzofuran 4,4a-dioxygenase from Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1: angular dioxygenation by a three-component enzyme system. J Bacteriol 1993; 175: 6467–6475.
Brusseau ML, Jessup RE, Rao PSC. Nonequilibrium sorption of organic chemicals: elucidation of rate-limiting processes. Environ Sci Technol 1991; 25: 134–142.
Wu S, Gschwend PM. Sorption kinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds to natural sediments and soils. Environ Sci Technol 1986; 20: 717–725.
Estes TI, Shah RV, Vilker VL. Adsorption of low molecular weight halocarbons by montmorillonite. Environ Sci Technol 1988; 22:377-381.
Barriuso E, Laird DA, Koskinen WC et al. Atrazine desorption from smectites. Soil Sci Soc Am J 1994; 58: 1632–1638.
Ball WP, Roberts PV. Long-term sorption of halogenated organic chemicals by aquifer material. 1. Equilibrium. Environ Sci Technol 1991; 25: 1223–1237.
Ball WP, Roberts PV. Long-term sorption of halogenated organic chemicals by aquifer material. 2. Intraparticle diffusion. Environ Sci Technol 1991; 25: 1237–1249.
Steinberg SM, Pignatello JJ, Sawhney BL. Persistence of 1,2-dibromoethane in soils: entrapment in intraparticle micropores. Environ Sci Technol 1987; 21: 1201–1208.
Grathwohl, P. Auswirkungen der Lösungs-and Desorptionskinetik auf die Bioverfügbarkeit organischer Schadstoffe. In: Knorr C, von Schell T. eds. Mikrobieller Schadstoffabbau. Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1997: 15–33.
Fortnagel P, Harms H, Wittich R-M et al. Cleavage of dibenzofuran and dibenzop-dioxin ring systems by a Pseudomonas bacterium. Naturwissenschaften 1989; 76: 222–223.
Strubel V, Rast HG, Fietz W et al. Enrichment of dibenzofuran utilizing bacteria with co-metabolic potential toward dibenzodioxin and other anellated aromatics. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989; 58: 233–238.
Wittich R-M, Wilkes H, Sinnwell V et al. Metabolism of dibenzo-p-dioxin by Spingomonas sp. strain RW1. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58:1005-tolo.
Monna L, Omori T, Kodama T. Microbial degradation of dibenzofuran, fluorene, and dibenzo-p-dioxin by Staphylococcus auriculans DBF63. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59: 285–289.
Garcia JM, Harms H. Influence of the nonionic surfactant Brij 35 on the bioavailability of solid and sorbed dibenzofuran. submitted for publication.
Beurskens JEM, Toussaint M, de Wolf J et al. Dehalogenation of chlorinated dioxins by an anaerobic microbial consortium from sediment. Environ Toxicol Chem 1995; 14: 939–943.
Hatzinger PB, Alexander M. Effect of aging of chemicals in soil on their biodegradability and extractability. Environ Sci Technol 1995; 29: 537–545.
Guerin WF, Boyd SA. Differential bioavailability of soil-sorbed naphthalene to two bacterial strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58: 1142–1152.
Brzuzy LP, Hites RA. Estimating the atmospheric deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from soil. Environ Sci Technol 1995; 29: 2090 2098.
Freeman RA, Schroy JM. Comparison of the rate of TCDD transport at Times Beach and at Eglin AFB. Chemosphere 1989; 18: 1305–1312.
Hagenmaier H, She J, Lindig C. Persistence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in contaminated soil at Maulach and Rastatt in southwest Germany. Chemosphere 1992; 25: 1449-1456.
Homberger E, Reggiani G, Sambeth J et al. The Seveso accident: its nature, extent and consequences. Ann Occup Hyg 1979; 22:327-370.
Helling CS. Pesticide mobility in soils II. Applications of soil thin-layer chromatography. Soil Sci Soc Amer Proc 1971; 35: 737–748.
Matsumura F, Benezet HJ. Studies on the bioaccumulation and microbial degradation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Environ Health Perspectives 1973; 5: 253–257.
Orazio CE, Kapila S, Puri RK et al. Persistence of chlorinated dioxins and furans in the soil environment. Chemosphere 1992; 25: 1469–1474.
Paustenbach DJ, Wenning R, Lau V et al. Recent developments on the hazards posed by 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin in soil: implications for setting risk-based cleanup levels at residential and industrial sites. J Toxicol Environ Health 1992; 36x03–149.
Puri RK, Clevenger TE, Kapila S et al. Studies of parameters affecting translocation of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in soil. Chemosphere 1989; 18: 1291–1296.
Yanders AF, Orazio CE, Puri RK et al. On translocation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: time dependent analysis at the Times Beach experimental site. Chemosphere 1989; 19: 429–432.
Freeman RA, Schroy JM. Environmental mobility of dioxins. In: Bahner RC and Hansen DJ, eds. Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Eighth Symposium, ASTM STP 891. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1985:422-439.
Murphy BL. Modeling the leaching and transport of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from incinerator ash from landfills. Chemosphere 1989; 19: 433–438.
Kapila S, Yanders AF, Orazio CE et al. Field and laboratory studies on the movement and fate of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in soil. Chemosphere 1989; 18: 1297 1304.
McCarthy JF, Zachara JM. Subsurface transport of contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 1989; 23: 496–502.
Bellin CA, Rao PSC. Impact of bacterial biomass on contaminant sorption and transport in a subsurface soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 591813–1820.
Lindqvist R, Enfield CG. Biosorption of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorobenzene in groundwater and its implications for facilitated transport. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58: 2211–2218.
Pereira WE, Rostad CE, Sisak ME. Geochemical investigations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in the subsurface environment at an abandoned wood treatment facility. Environ Tox Chem 1985; 4: 629–639.
Kearney PC, Woolson EA, Isensee AR et al. Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin in the environment: sources, fate, and decontamination. Environ Health Perspectives 1973; 5: 273–277.
Young AL; Thalken CH, Arnold EL et al. Technical Report USAFA-TR-76,18 USAF Academy, Boulder, Colorado 1976.
Young, AL, Thalken CH, Cairney WJ. Report OEHL-TR-79–169 USAF Occup Environmental Health Laboratory, Brooks Air Force Base. Texas 1979.
Hutzinger O. Dioxin-Ökochemie. Expositions-and Risikoanalyse, Grenzwertermittlung. Chemie and Fortschritt 1985; 1/1985:26-34.
McLachlan MS, Sewart AP, Bacon JR et al. Persistence of PCDD/Fs in a sludge-amended soil. Environ Sci Technol 1996; 30: 2567–2571.
Brodsky J, Brodesser J, Bauer C et al. The environmental fate of six existing chemicals in laboratory tests. Chemosphere 1997; 34: 515–538.
Muir DCG, Yarechewski AL, Corbet RL et al. Laboratory and field studies on the fate of 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in soil and sediments. J Agric Food Chem 1985; 33:5i8-523.
Mackay D, Shiu WY, Ma KC. 1992. Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals. Vol II - Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polychlorinated Dioxins and Dibenzofurans; Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
Jackson AP, Eduljee GH. An assessment of the risks associated with PCDDs and PCDFs following the application of sewage sludge to agricultural land in the UK. Chemosphere 1994; 29: 2523–2543.
Adriaens P, Grbic-Galic D. Reductive dechlorination of PCDD/F by anaerobic cultures and sediments. Chemosphere 1994; 292253-2259.
Parsons JR. Influence of suspended sediment on the biodegradation of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Chemosphere 1992; 25:1973-1980.
van der Meer JR, de Vos WM, Harayama S et al. Molecular mechanisms of genetic adaptation to xenobiotic compounds. Microbiol Rev 1992; 56: 677–694.
Timmis KN, Rojo F, Ramos JL. Design of new pathways for the catabolism of environmental pollutants. In Kamely D, Chakrabarty A, Omenn, GS, eds. Biotechnology and Biodegradation. The Woodlands, TX: Portfolio Publishing Co., 1990: 61–80.
Dagley S. In: Gibson DT, ed. Microbial Degradation of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1984.
Kaupp H, Towara J, McLachlan MS. Distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins and dibenzofurans in atmospheric particulate matter with respect to particle size. Atmos Environ 1994; 28:585-593.
Schumacher W, Holliger C. The proton/electron ratio of the menaquinone-dependent electron transport from dihydrogen to tetrachloroethene in “Dehalobacter restrict us”. J Bacteriol 1996; 1782328-2333.
Thauer RK, Jungermann K, Decker K. Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria. Bacteriol Rev 1977; 41: 100–180.
Tiehm A. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of synthetic surfactants. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60: 258–263.
Liu Z, Jacobson AM, Luthy RG. Biodegradation of naphthalene in aqueous nonionic surfactant systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61: 145–151.
Volkering F, Breure AM, van Andel JG et al. Influence of nonionic surfactants on bioavailability and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61: 1699–1705.
Tros ME, Schraa G, Zehnder AJB. Transformation of low concentrations of 3chlorobenzoate by Pseudomonas sp. strain B13: kinetics and residual concentrations. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62: 437–442.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Harms, H. (1998). Bioavailability of Dioxin-Like Compounds for Microbial Degradation. In: Wittich, RM. (eds) Biodegradation of Dioxins and Furans. Environmental Intelligence Unit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06068-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06068-1_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-06070-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-06068-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive