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Ego-Depletion – Verlust an Kontrolle: Die Theorie begrenzter Ressourcen der Selbstkontrolle

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Zusammenfassung

Der Kern der Ego-Depletion-Theorie besteht aus der Annahme einer kognitiven Ressource, die begrenzt ist und durch eine Reihe kognitiver Aktivitäten verbraucht wird. Gemeinsames Charakteristikum dieser Aktivitäten ist die Involvierung von Selbstkontrolle. Auch das Treffen von Entscheidungen verbraucht diese Ressource. Das Treffen von Entscheidungen scheint in gleicher Weise „kognitiv anstrengend“ zu sein wie Aktivitäten, bei denen Selbstkontrolle involviert ist. Dies hat Konsequenzen für das Treffen von Entscheidungen. Es wird gezeigt, wie das Treffen von Entscheidungen unter Ego-Depletion beeinflusst wird und wie sich dieser Einfluss im Zeitablauf verändert. In diesem Kapitel werden Arbeiten vorgestellt, die den zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen des Ego-Depletion-Effektes beleuchten, dabei aber unterschiedliche Antworten geben. Es werden auch Arbeiten vorgestellt, die konträre Ergebnisse liefern oder solche, die die Theorie weitgehend modifizieren.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Vgl. zu priming allgemein auch Kap. 14 (Fußnote Nr. 3); das persistente Prime bestand in einen in einem Text über den in den Niederlanden bekannten Eisschnellläufer (Gerard Van Velde), der bei den Olympischen Winterspielen in Salt Lake City 2002 trotz vieler Rückschläge und Enttäuschungen die Goldmedaille über 1000 Meter gewann. Das neutrale Prime bestand in einem allgemeinen Text über die Olympischen Winterspiele 2002. In beiden Fällen war das Priming-Verfahren als kognitive Aufgabe getarnt, bei der die Probanden Wörter finden sollten, die nicht in den Kontext des Textes passen (vgl. Martijn et al. 2007, S. 234).

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    Gerhard Raab, Alexander Unger & Fritz Unger

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Raab, G., Unger, A., Unger, F. (2022). Ego-Depletion – Verlust an Kontrolle: Die Theorie begrenzter Ressourcen der Selbstkontrolle. In: Marktpsychologie. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37688-8_19

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