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Rohstoffe im 21. Jahrhundert

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Zusammenfassung

Rohstoffe und ihre Extraktion prägen seit Jahrhunderten Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehungen und sind seit langem ein Thema wissenschaftlicher Analysen. Im Anthropozän stellen mineralische und fossile Ressourcen bzw. der Rohstoffsektor sowohl Problem als auch Lösung für Nachhaltigkeitstransformationen dar. In diesem Beitrag rezipieren wir aktuelle Trends in der multidisziplinären sozialwissenschaftlichen Rohstoffforschung entlang von drei Perspektiven: (1) Akteure, (2) Programme und Politiken und (3) Materialität.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Mit Extraktivismus (oft auch „Neoextraktivismus“ oder „Neuer E.“) wird ein Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftsmodell beschrieben, das auf Gewinnung und Export von Rohstoffen beruht. Dabei wird der E. mit Logiken kapitalistisch-imperialistischer Expansion, einem „ideological mindset“ sowie ökologischem Raubbau in Verbindung gebracht (Jalbert et al. 2019; vgl. Jacka 2018).

  2. 2.

    In der Zeitschrift Environmental Sociology finden sich seit ihrem ersten Erscheinen im Jahr 2015 insgesamt 28 Beiträge, die sich mit der Gewinnung von Rohstoffen beschäftigen. 18 davon behandeln Fragen im Kontext fossiler Brennstoffe (z. B. Öl, Teersand, Kohle). Die Themenvielfalt reicht von Umweltgerechtigkeitsfragen, über die gesellschaftlichen Wirkungen divergierender Diskurse, die Wahrnehmung bergbauinduzierter Risiken, die Rolle indigenen Wissens, das Agieren von Rohstoffkonzernen, bis hin zu historischen Einflüssen des Extraktivismus in einzelnen Regionen.

  3. 3.

    Handwerklicher Bergbau (artisanal and small-scale mining) erfolgt unter Einsatz relativ geringer mechanischer (Hilfs-)Mittel und findet zumeist „informell“ statt. Er stellt weltweit für etwa 40 Millionen Menschen eine direkte Einkommensquelle und Lebensgrundlage dar (vgl. D’Angelo und Pijpers 2022). Der Fokus unseres Handbucheintrags liegt auf dem industriellen, formalisierten Bergbausektor.

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© 2024 Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature

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Ayeh, D., Bleicher, A. (2024). Rohstoffe im 21. Jahrhundert. In: Sonnberger, M., Bleicher, A., Groß, M. (eds) Handbuch Umweltsoziologie. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37218-7_52

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