Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Die Deichbegrünung unter ökologischen Gesichtspunkten

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ökologische Aufwertung von Seedeichsystemen

Part of the book series: Wasser: Ökologie und Bewirtschaftung ((WÖW))

  • 791 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Die Vegetation soll den Deichkörper schützen, ähnlich einer Haut. Dazu ist es notwendig, dass die Vegetation verschiedenste Anforderungen an den ober- und unterirdischen Wuchs und bezüglich der Anpassung an Standort und Nutzung erfüllt. Darüber hinaus sind Deiche aber auch Lebensräume für Pflanzen und Tiere. Aufgrund ihrer Länge und Verbindung von Naturräumen kommt ihnen hier eine besondere Bedeutung zu. In verschiedenen Studien wurde gezeigt, dass artenreiche Grasnarben besser mit Umweltänderungen wie Trockenstress umgehen können und Bodenerosion reduzieren. In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse aus ökologischer und agrarischer Forschung zusammengestellt und auf Deichvegetationen angewendet. Ziel ist es, Impulse und Handlungsempfehlungen für das Design und die Anlage artenreicherer Grasnarben auf Deichen zu geben.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Altieri MA (1999) The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 74:19–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bai Y, Wu J, Pan Q, Huang J, Wang Q, Li F, Buyantuyev A, Han X (2007) Positive linear relationship between productivity and diversity: evidence from the Eurasian Steppe. Journal of Applied Ecology 44:1023–1034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker JP, Berendse F (1999) Constraints in the restoration of ecological diversity in grasslands and heathland communities. Tree 14:63–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakker C, Blair JM, Knapp AK (2003) Does resource availability, resource heterogeneity or species turnover mediate changes in plant species richness in grazed grasslands? Oecologia 137:385–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berendse F, Oomes MJM, Altena HJ, Elberse WT (1992) Experiments on the restoration of species-rich meadows in The Netherlands. Biological Conservation 62:59–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berendse F, van Ruijven J, Jongejans E, Keesstra S (2015) Loss of plant species diversity reduces soil erosion resistance. Ecosystems 18:881–888. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9869-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bezemer TM, van der Putten WH (2007) Ecology: diversity and stability in plant communities. Nature 446:E6–E7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braman SK, Pendley AF, Corley N (2002) Influence of commercially available wildflower mixes on beneficial arthropod abundance and predation in turfgrass. Environmental Entomology 31:564–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bret-Harte MS, García EA, Sacré VM, Whorley JR, Wagner JL, Lippert SC, Chapin III FS (2004) Plant and soil responses to neighbour removal and fertilization in Alaskan tussock tundra. Journal of Ecology 92:635–647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bullock JM, Pywell RF, Burke MJW, Walker KJ (2001) Restoration of biodiversity enhances agricultural production. Ecology Letters 4:185–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caldeira MC, Ryel RJ, Lawton JH, Pereira JS (2001) Mechanisms of positive biodiversity-production relationships: insights provided by δ13C analysis in experimental Mediterranean grassland plots. Ecology Letters 4:439–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardinale BJ, Wright JP, Cadotte MW, Carroll IT, Hector A, Srivastava DS, Loreau M, Weis JJ (2007) Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity. PNAS 104:18123–18128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Critchley CNR, Chambers BJ, Fowbert JA, Bhogal A, Rose SC, Sanderson RA (2002) Plant species richness, functional type and soil properties of grasslands and allied vegetation in English Environmentally Sensitive Areas. Grass and Forage Science 57:82–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlin AS, Emanuelsson U, McAdam JH (2005) Nutrient management in low input grazing-based systems of meat production. Soil Use and Management 21:122–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Damschen E, Brudvig L, Haddad D, Levey D, Orrock J, Tewksbury J (2008) The movement ecology and dynamics of plant communities in fragmented landscapes. PNAS 105:19078–19083. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802037105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deak A, Hall MH, Sanderson MA (2009) Grazing schedule effect on forage production and nutritive value of diverse forage mixtures. Agron J 101:408–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Kroon H, Hendriks M, van Ruijven J, Ravenek J, Padilla FM, Jongejans E, Visser EJW, Mommer L (2012) Root responses to nutrients and soil biota: drivers of species coexistence and ecosystem productivity. Journal of Ecology 100:6–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01906.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodd MB, Barker DJ, Wedderburn ME (2004) Plant diversity effects on herbage production and compositional changes in New Zealand hill country pastures. Grass and Forage Science 59:29–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EAK (2002) Empfehlungen für Küstenschutzwerke. Korrigierte Ausgabe 2007. Die Küste 65:399–550

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer SF, Poschlod P, Beinlich B (1996) Experimental studies on the dispersal of plants and animals on sheep in calcareous grasslands. Journal of Applied Ecology 33:1206–1222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graunke A, Wrage-Mönnig N (2018) Grüne Seedeiche für den Küstenschutz. In: Taube F, Grünland und Futterbau/Ökologischer Landbau (Hrsg.) Leistungen von Gras und Klee-Gras auf Acker und Grünland. ISBN 978-3-00-060516-1, S. 95–99

    Google Scholar 

  • He JS, Bazzaz FA, Schmid B (2002) Interactive effects of diversity, nutrients and elevated CO2 on experimental plant communities. Oikos 97:337–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hector A, Bagchi R (2007) Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Nature 448:188–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hector A, Joshi J, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Spehn EM, Wacker L, Weilenmann M, Bazeley-White E, Beierkuhnlein C, Caldeira MC, Dimitrakopoulos PG, Finn JA, Huss-Danell K, Jumpponen A, Leadley PW, Loreau M, Mulder CPH, Neßhöver C, Palmborg C, Read DJ, Siamantziouras ASD, Terry AC, Troumbis AY (2007). Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: reconciling the results of experimental and observational studies. Functional Ecology 21:998–1002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hector A, Schmid B, Beierkuhnlein C, Caldeira MC, Diemer M, Dimitrakopoulos PJ, Finn JA, Freitas H, Giller PS, Good J, Harris R, Högberg P, Huss-Danell K, Joshi J, Jumpponen A, Körner C, Leadley PW, Loreau M, Minns A, Mulder CPH, O’Donovan G, Otway SJ, Pereira JS, Prinz A, Read DJ, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schulze ED, Siamantziouras ASD, Spehn EM, Terry AC, Troumbis AY, Woodward FI, Yachi S, Lawton JH (1999) Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands. Science 286:1123–1127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hejcman M, Klaudisová M, Schellberg J, Honsová D (2007) The Rengen Grassland Experiment: Plant species composition after 64 years of fertilizer application. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 122:259–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isselstein J (2005) Enhancing grassland biodiversity and its consequences for grassland management and utilisation. In: McGilloway DA (Hrsg) Grassland – a global resource. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen

    Google Scholar 

  • Janssens F, Peeters A, Tallowin JRB, Bakker JP, Bekker RM, Fillat F, Oomes MJM (1998) Relationship between soil chemical factors and grassland diversity. Plant and Soil 202:69–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones D, Haggar RJ (1997) Impact of nitrogen and organic manures on yield, botanical composition and herbage quality of two contrasting grassland field margins. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 14:107–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahmen A, Perner J, Buchmann N (2005) Diversity-dependent productivity in semi-natural grasslands following climate perturbations. Functional Ecology 19:594–601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loiseau P, Loualt F, Le Roux X, Bardy M (2005) Does extensification of rich grasslands alter the C and N cycles, directly or via species composition? Basic and Applied Ecology 6:275–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacArthur R (1955) Fluctuations of animal populations and a measure of community stability. Ecology 36:533–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marriott CA, Bolton GR, Fisher JM, Hood K (2005) Short-term changes in soil nutrients and vegetation biomass and nutrient content following the introduction of extensive management in upland sown swards in Scotland, UK. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 106:331–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marriott CA, Fothergill M, Jeangros B, Scotton M, Loualt F (2004) Long-term impacts of extensification of grassland management on biodiversity and productivity in upland areas. A review. Agronomie 24:447–462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer B, Gäbele V, Steffan-Dewenter ID (2007) Patch size and landscape effects on pollinators and sees set of the horseshoe vetch, Hippocrepis comosa, in an agricultural landscape of central Europe. Entomologia Generalis 30:173–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministerium für Energiewende, Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume (2013) Generalplan Küstenschutz des Landes Schleswig-Holstein – Fortschreibung. Kiel, 32

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (2009) Regelwerk Küstenschutz Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schwerin, 55

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller J (1989) Untersuchungen zur Leistungsdauer von Saatgrasbeständen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Wurzelentwicklung. Dissertation. Universität Rostock

    Google Scholar 

  • Niedersächsischer Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz (2018) Küstenschutz und Deichbau in Niedersachsen: Antworten auf häufig gestellte Fragen. https://www.nlwkn.niedersachsen.de/hochwasser_kuestenschutz/kuestenschutz/antworten_auf_haeufig_gestellte_fragen/kuestenschutz-und-deichbau-in-niedersachsen-45182.htm, Zugegriffen: 20.05.2019

  • Niklaus P, Wardle D, Tate K (2006) Effects of plant species diversity and composition on nitrogen cycling and the trace gas balance of soils. Plant and Soil 282:83–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfisterer AB, Joshi J, Schmid B, Fischer, M. (2004) Rapid decay of diversity-productivity relationships after invasion of experimental plant communities. Basic Appl Ecol 5:5–14 /doi: https://doi.org/10.1078/1439-1791-00215

  • Pirhofer-Walzl K, Søegaard K, Høgh-Jensen H, Eriksen J, Sanderson MA, Rasmussen J, Rasmussen J (2011) Forage herbs improve mineral composition of grassland herbage. Grass and Forage Science, 66: 415–423. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00799.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirhofer-Walzl K, Rasmussen J, Høgh-Jensen H, Eriksen J, Søegaard K, Rasmussen J (2012) Nitrogen transfer from forage legumes to nine neighbouring plants in a multi-species grassland. Plant Soil 350:71–84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0882-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proulx R, Rheault G, Bonin L, Roca IT, Martin CA, Desrochers L, Seiferling I (2015) How much biomass do plant communities pack per unit volume?. PeerJ 3, e849. doi:https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.849

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Römheld V, Kirkby EA (2010) Research on potassium in agriculture: needs and prospects. Plant Soil 335, 155–180. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0520-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rook AJ, Dumont B, Isselstein J, Osoro K, WallisDeVries MF, Parente G, Mills J (2004) Matching type of livestock to desired biodiversity outcomes in pastures – a review. Biological Conservation 119:137–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roscher C, Temperton VM, Buchmann N, Schulze ED (2009) Community assembly and biomass production in regularly and never weeded experimental grasslands. Acta Oecologica 35:206–217. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2008.10.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roy J (2001) How does biodiversity control primary productivity? In: Roy J, Saugier B, Mooney HA (Hrsg) Terrestrial global productivity. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherer-Lorenzen M, Palmborg C, Prinz A, Schulze ED (2003) The role of plant diversity and composition for nitrate leaching in grasslands. Ecology 84:1539–1552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheres B, Michalzik J, Hoffmann TK, Paul M, Schüttrumpf H, Schlurmann T (2021) Die Rolle der Deichvegetation aus Ingenieursicht. In: Schüttrumpf H, Scheres B (Hrsg) Ökologische Aufwertung von Seedeichsystemen – Erste Planungsempfehlungen für die Praxis mit aktuellen Erkenntnissen aus der Wissenschaft. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007978-3-658-31507-8_5

    Google Scholar 

  • Silvertown J, Poulton P, Johnston E, Edwards G, Heard M, Biss PM (2006) The park grass experiment 1856–2006: its contribution to ecology. J Ecol 94:801–814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Šmilauerová M, Šmilauer P (2010) First come, first served: grasses have a head start on forbs with prompt nutrient patch occupation. Plant Soil 328:327–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0112-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steffan-Dewenter ID, Tscharntke T (1999) Effects of habitat isolation on pollinator communities and seed set. Oecologia 121:432–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tilman D (1990) Constraints and tradeoffs: toward a predictive theory of competition and succession. Oikos 58:3–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tilman D, Lehman CL, Thomson KT (1997) Plant diversity and ecosystem productivity: Theoritical considerations. PNAS 94:1857–1861

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tilman D, Reich PB, Knops JMH (2006) Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment. Nature 441:629–632

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urbanska KM (1992) Populationsbiologie der Pflanzen. G. Fischer-Verlag, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • van Ruijven J, Berendse F (2003) Positive effects of plant species diversity on productivity in the absence of legumes. Ecology Letters 6:170–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Ruijven J, Berendse F (2005) Diversity-productivity relationships: Initial effects, long-term patterns, and underlying mechanisms. PNAS 102:695–700

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitousek PM, Hooper DU (1993) Biological diversity and terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry. In Schulze ED und Mooney HA (Hrsg) Biodiversity and ecosystem function. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, S. 3–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Weigelt A, Bol R, Bardgett RD (2005) Preferential uptake of soil nitrogen forms by grassland plant species. Oecologia 142:627–635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yachi S, Loreau M (1999) Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: The insurance hypothesis. PNAS 96:1463–1468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zavaleta ES, Shaw MR, Chiariello NR, Thomas BD, Cleland EE, Field CB, Mooney HA (2003) Grassland responses to three years of elevated temperature, CO2, precipitation, and N deposition. Ecological Monographs 73:585–604

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grünland und Futterbauwissenschaften, Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland

    N. Wrage-Mönnig, C. Bisgwa & A. Graunke

Authors
  1. N. Wrage-Mönnig
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. Bisgwa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Graunke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. Wrage-Mönnig .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lehrstuhl und Institut für Wasserbau und Wasserwirtschaft, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Holger Schüttrumpf

  2. Lehrstuhl und Institut für Wasserbau und Wasserwirtschaft, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Babette Scheres

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert durch Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH , ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Wrage-Mönnig, N., Bisgwa, C., Graunke, A. (2020). Die Deichbegrünung unter ökologischen Gesichtspunkten. In: Schüttrumpf, H., Scheres, B. (eds) Ökologische Aufwertung von Seedeichsystemen. Wasser: Ökologie und Bewirtschaftung. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31507-8_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation