Abstract
The simplest and most obvious positive feedback interaction between species is mutualism. Direct interspecies mutualism can result from a multitude of interactions involving dispersal, shelter, nutrient cycling, energy provision and reproduction (Boucher et al., 1982; Faegri and Van der Pijl, 1966; Heinrich and Raven, 1972; Muscatine and Porter, 1977; Whittaker, 1975; Howe, 1977; Temple, 1977). Mutualistic interactions also arise when mutualists mediate competitive or predator-prey interactions (Wright, 1973; Janzen, 1969; Addicot, 1979; Messina, 1981; Osman and Haugsness, 1981; Heithaus et al., 1980).
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© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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DeAngelis, D.L., Post, W.M., Travis, C.C. (1986). Mutualistic and Competitive Systems. In: Positive Feedback in Natural Systems. Biomathematics, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82625-2_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82625-2_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-82627-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-82625-2
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