Abstract
A comprehensive volcano-monitoring program should include techniques to measure surface deformations in order to contribute to a complete characterization of volcanic behavior. Conventional modern geodetic techniques provide useful tools for the capture of discrete or continuous ground-deformation data. Baseline data volcano deformation observed during repose periods are fundamental for distinguishing “abnormal” volcanic behavior, or an increase of activity. Magma movements or hydrothermal pressurization effects generally occur within the volcano some time before an eruption takes place. Once an eruption begins, the volcano-monitoring program should include direct observations of the volcanic activity, in addition to the ongoing volcano-monitoring techniques.
The interpretation of ground-deformation data should focus on the movement — in time and space — of magma and (or) hydrothermal pressurization sources within he volcanic system. Modeling of the ground-deformation data can provide important information on the subsurface configuration (size, pressure, shape, and depth) of the volcano’s magma reservoir and its associated hydrothermal system.
Very few successful predictions of volcanic activity are known, primarily because of the lack of adequate monitoring at most of the world’s active volcanoes but also because some of the more precise, advanced techniques of monitoring them are relatively recent. Hawaii and Japan were the first places to use ground-deformation studies in monitoring active volcanoes early in this century. The techniques have improved greatly since then, but much more must be done to monitor dangerous volcanoes all over the world.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Agnew DC (1986) Strainmeters and tiltmeters. Rev Geophys 24(3): 579–624
Banks NG, Tilling RI, Harlow DH, Ewert JW (1989) Volcano monitoring and short term forecasts. In: Tilling RI (ed) Volcano Hazards. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. Short Course in Geology, vol 1, pp 26–80. US Geol Surv publication. Spanish version (Los peligros volcánicos) published in 1993 by the US Geol Surv; Bernardo Beate, translator, and Robert I. Tilling, editor
Berrino G, Corrado G, Luongo G, Toro B (1984) Ground deformation and gravity changes accompanying the 1982 Pozzuoli uplift. Bull Volcanol 47 (2): 187–200
Cornelius RR, Voight B (1995) Graphical and PC software analysis of volcano eruption precursors according to the materials failure forecasting method (FFM). J Volcanol Geotherm Res 64, 3–4: 295–320
Decker RW, Kinoshita WT (1972) Geodetic measurements. In: Surveillance and prediction of volcanic activity. UNESCO, Paris, pp 47–74
Doukas MP, Ewert JW (1992) Installation of benchmarks and permanent reflectors for geodetic deformation networks. In: Monitoring volcanoes: techniques and strategies used by the staff of the Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1980–1990. US Geol Survey Bull 1966, pp 115–124. Spanish version published in 1993 by the US Geol Surv (Christa von Hillebrandt-Andrade, translator): Vigilando volcanes: Técnicas y estrategias empleadas por el personal del Ob-servatorio Vulcanolôgico Cascades, 1980–1990
Dvorak JJ (1992) Tracking the movement of Hawaiian volcanoes: Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. Earthquakes Volcanoes 23(6): 255–267
Dvorak JJ, Okamura AT (1987) A hydraulic model to explain variations in summit tilt rate at Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes. In: Decker RW, Wright TL, Stauffer PH (eds) Volcanism in Hawaii. US Geol Surv Prof. Pap 1350, pp 1281–1296
Dzurisin D, Westphal JA, Johnson DJ (1983) Eruption prediction aided by electronic tiltmeter data at Mount St. Helens. Science 221: 1381–1383
Eaton JP (1959) A portable water-tube tiltmeter. Bull Seismol Soc Am 49: 301–316
Ewert JW, Swanson DA (1992) Monitoring volcanoes: techniques and strategies used by the staff of the Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1980–1990. U.S. Geol Surv Bull 1966. Spanish version published in 1993 by the US Geol Surv (Christa von Hillebrandt-Andrade, translator): Vigilando volcanes: técnicas y estrategias empleadas por el personal del Observatorio Vulcanolôgico Cascades, 1980–1990
Johnson DJ, Anderson JL (1993) Tacheometric strain analysis and its application to monitoring of precursory deformation on stratovolcanoes. IAVCEI meeting abstract. Canberra, 1993. Hawaii Center Volcanol Newsl 1: 2
Kamo K, Ishihara K (1989) A preliminary experiment on automated judgment of the stages of eruptive activity using tiltmeter records at Sakurajima, Japan. In: Latter JH (ed) Volcanic hazards. IAVCEI Proc Volcanol, vol 1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 585–598
Kasser M (1985) Appareils électroniques de mesures de distances. Institut Geographique National, Paris. 29 pp
Kinoshita WT, Swanson DA, Jackson DB (1974) The measurement of crustal deformation related to volcanic activity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. In: Civetta L, Gasparini P, Luongo G, Rapolla A (eds). Physical volcanology. Elsevier, Amsterdam pp 87–115
Kirienko AP, Nikitenko VP (1990) Some features of horizontal and vertical displacements of the earth’s surface observed at the Petropavlovsk Geodynamic Site (Kamtchatka), Volc Seis 8(3): 350–365
Kleinman JW and Otway PM (1992) Lake-level monitoring as a tool for studies of crustal deformation. In: Ewert JW, Swanson DA (eds) Monitoring volcanoes: techniques and strategies used by the staff of the Cascades Volcano Observatory 1980–1990. US Geol Surv Bull 1966: 159–174. Spanish version published in 1993 by the US Geol Surv (Christa von Hillebrandt- Andrade (translator): Vigilando volcanes: técnicas y estrategias empleadas por el personal del Observatorio Vulcanológico Cascades, 1980–1990
Miklius A, Okamura AT, Sako MK, Nakata J, Dvorak J (1993) Current status of geodetic monitoring of Mauna Loa Volcano. AGU Fall Meeting 1993 Abstr. Hawaii Center for Volcanol Newsl 1: 2
Mogi K (1958) Relations between the eruptions of various volcanoes and the deformations of the ground surfaces around them. Bull Earthq Res Inst 36: 99–134
Nunez-Garcia A, Valbuena JL, Velasco J (1992) G.P.S. La nueva era de la topografia. Ediciones de las Ciencias Sociales, Madrid, 236 pp
Owen S, Segall P, Freymueller J, Miklius A, Denlinger R (1993) 1990–1993 Surface displacements on Kilauea volcano determined by GPS. AGU Fall Meet 1993 Abstr. Hawaii Center Volcanol Newsl 1: 2
Parascandola A (1947) I fenomeni bradisismici del Serapeo di Pozzuoli. Genovese, Napoli
Paulick H, Van der Laat R (1993) Deformaciôn en el volcan Poás, arreglos multiples de in- clinometria seca. Marzo 1989 — Enero 1991. Boletin de Vulcanologia. 22: 19–27
Rymer H (1988) Can microgravity predict volcanic eruptions? Proc Kagoshima Int Conf on Volcanoes, Japan, pp 358–361
Swanson DA, Casadevall TJ, Dzurisin D, Malone SD, Newhall CG, Weaver CS (1983) Predicting eruptions at Mount St. Helens, June 1980 through December 1982. Science 221: 1369–1376
Tilling RI, Heliker C, Wright TL (1987) Eruptions of Hawaiian volcanoes: past, present and future. U S Geol Surv General Interest Publ Ser 54 pp
Tryggvason E (1994) Surface deformation at the Krafla volcano, North Iceland, 1982–1992 Bull Volcanol 56: 98–107
Van der Laat R (1986) Metodologias geodésicas para la prediction y vigilancia de actividad vol- cánica. Su aplicación en Costa Rica. Rev CIAF 11(3): 90–102
van Ruymbeke M, d’Oreye N (1991) Design and construction of instruments adapted to volcanic zones. Proc Workshop Geodynamical Instrumentation applied to volcanic areas. Walfer-dange, Luxembourg, Oct 1–3, 1990. Cahiers du Centre Européen de Geodynamique et de Séismologie. vol 4, pp 57–70
Yamashita KM (1982) El inclinômetro seco: Un vigilante de la deformaciôn ligada al vulcanismo activo de Hawaii. Bol Vulcanol 12: 11–17
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Van der Laat, R. (1996). Ground-Deformation Methods and Results. In: Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80087-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80087-0_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-80089-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-80087-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive