Skip to main content

Regulation of Opioid Peptide Gene Expression

  • Chapter
Opioids

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 104 / 1))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Affolter HU, Reisine T (1985) Corticotropin releasing factor increases proopiomelanocortin messenger RNA in mouse anterior pituitary tumor cells. J Biol Chem 260: 15477–15481

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aloyo VJ, Lewis ME, Walker RF (1990) Opioid peptide mRNAs in the rat pineal gland. In: Quirion R, Jhamandas K, Giounalakis C (eds) The international narcotics research conference (IRNC)’89. Liss, New York, pp 235–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Angelogianni P, Gianoulakis C (1990) Ethanol regulation of proopiomelanocortin biosynthesis in the rat hypothalamus. In: Van Ree J, Molder AH, Wiegant VM, van Wimersma Greidanus TB (eds) New leads in opioid research. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 117–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Angulo JA, Christoph GR, Manning RW, Burkhart BA, Davis LG (1987) Reduction of dopamine receptor activity differentially alters striatal neuropeptide mRNA levels. Adv Exp Med Biol 221: 385–391

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angulo JA, Cadet JL, McEwen BS (1990) Sigma receptor blockade by BMY 14802 affects enkephalinergic and tachykinin cells differentially in the striatum of the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 175: 225–228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antakly T, Sasaki A, Liotta AS, Palkovits M, Krieger DT (1985) Induced expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in the rat intermediate pituitary lobe. Science 229: 277–279

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Autelitano DJ, Blum M, Roberts JL (1989) Changes in rat pituitary nuclear and cytoplasmic pro-opiomelanocortin RNAs associated with adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid replacement. Mol Cell Endocrinol 66: 171–180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Autelitano DJ, Blum M, Lopingco M, Allen RG, Roberts JL (1990) Corticotropin- releasing factor differentially regulates anterior and intermediate pituitary lobe proopiomelanocortin gene transcription, nuclear precursor RNA and mature mRNA in vivo. Neuroendocrinology 51: 123–130

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beaulieu S, Gagne B, Barden N (1988) Glucocorticoid regulation of proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid content of rat hypothalamus. Mol Endocrinol 2: 727–731

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birnberg NC, Lissitzky JC, Hinman M, Herbert E (1983) Glucocorticoids regulate proopiomelanocortin gene expression in vivo at the levels of transcription and secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 6982–6986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanc D, Cupo A, Castanas E, Bourhim N, Giraud P, Bannon MJ, Eiden LE (1985) Influence of acute, subchronic and chronic treatment with neuroleptic (haloperidol) on enkephalins and their precursors in the striatum of rat brain. Neuropeptides 5: 567–570

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloch B, Le-Guellec D, de-Keyzer Y (1985) Detection of the messenger RNAs coding for the opioid peptide precursors in pituitary and adrenal by “in situ” hybridization: study in several mammal species. Neurosci Lett 53: 141–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blum M, Roberts JL, Wardlaw SL (1989) Androgen regulation of proopiomelanocortin gene expression and peptide content in the basal hypothalamus. Endocrinology 124: 2283–2288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bommer M, Liebisch D, Kley N, Herz A, Noble E (1987) Histamine affects release and biosynthesis of opioid peptides primarily via H1-receptors in bovine chromaffin cells. J Neurochem 49: 1688–1696

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boutillier AL, Sassone-Corsi P, Loeffler JP (1991) The protooncogene c-fos is induced by corticotropin-releasing factor and stimulates proopiomelanocortin gene transcription in pituitary cells. Mol Endocrinol 5: 1301–1310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruhn TO, Sutton RE, Rivier CL, Vale WW (1984) Corticotropin-releasing factor regulates proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in vivo. Neuroendocrinology 39: 170–175

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buckingham JC (1982) Secretion of corticotrophin and its hypothalamic releasing factor in response to morphine and opioid peptides. Neuroendocrinology 35: 111–116

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrd JC, Naranjo JR, Lindberg I (1987) Proenkephalin gene expression in the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line: stimulation by sodium butyrate. Endocrinology 121: 1299–1305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang AC, Israel A, Gazdar A, Cohen SN (1989) Initiation of pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA from a normally quiescent promoter in a human small cell lung cancer cell line. Gene 84: 115–126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charron J, Drouin J (1986) Glucocorticoid inhibition of transcription from episomal proopiomelanocortin gene promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 8903–8907

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CL, Madigan MB (1987) Regulation of testicular proopiomelanocortin gene expression. Endocrinology 121: 590–596

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CL, Dionne FT, Roberts JL (1983) Regulation of the pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA levels in rat pituitary by dopaminergic compounds. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 2211–2215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen CL, Chang CC, Krieger DT, Bardin CW (1986) Expression and regulation of proopiomelanocortin-like gene in the ovary and placenta: comparison with the testis. Endocrinology 118: 2382–2389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chowen-Breed J, Fraser HM, Vician L, Damassa DA, Clifton DK, Steiner RA (1989a) Testosterone regulation of proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid in the arcuate nucleus of the male rat. Endocrinology 124: 1697–1702

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chowen-Breed JA, Clifton DK, Steiner RA (1989b) Regional specificity of testosterone regulation of proopiomelanocortin gene expression in the arcuate nucleus of the male rat brain. Endocrinology 124: 2875–2881

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chronwall BM, Hook GR, Millington WR (1988) Dopaminergic regulation of the biosynthetic activity of individual melanotropes in the rat pituitary intermediate lobe: a morphometric analysis by light and electron microscopy and in situ hybridization. Endocrinology 123: 1992–2002

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Civelli O, Douglass J, Goldstein A, Herbert E (1985) Sequence and expression of the rat prodynorphin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 4291–4295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark AJ, Lavender PM, Besser GM, Rees LH (1989) Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA size heterogeneity in ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. J Mol Endocrinol 2: 3–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark AJ, Stewart MF, Lavender PM, Farrell W, Crosby SR, Rees LH, White A (1990) Defective glucocorticoid regulation of proopiomelanocortin gene expression and peptide secretion in a small cell lung cancer cell line. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70: 485–490

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comb M, Liston D, Martin M, Rosen H, Herbert E (1985) Expression of the human proenkephalin gene in mouse pituitary cells: accurate and efficient mRNA production and proteolytic processing. EMBO J 4: 3115–3122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comb M, Birnberg NC, Seasholtz A, Herbert E, Goodman HM (1986) A cyclic AMP- and phorbol esterinducible DNA element. Nature 323: 353–356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comb M, Mermod N, Hyman SE, Pearlberg J, Ross ME, Goodman HM (1988) Proteins bound at adjacent DNA elements act synergistically to regulate human proenkephalin cAMP inducible transcription. EMBO J 7: 3793–3805

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cote TE, Felder R, Kebabian JW, Sekura RD, Reisine T, Affolter HU (1986) D-2 dopamine receptor-mediated inhibition of pro-opiomelanocortin synthesis in rat intermediate lobe. Abolition by pertussis toxin or activators of adenylate cyclase. J Biol Chem 261: 4555–4561

    Google Scholar 

  • Curran T, Rauscher FJ, Cohen DR, Franza BR Jr (1988) Beyond the second messenger: oncogenes and transcription factors. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 (2): 769–777

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dave JR, Eiden LE, Karanian JW, Eskay RL (1986) Ethanol exposure decreases pituitary corticotropin-releasing factor binding, adenylate cyclase activity, proopiomelanocortin biosynthesis, and plasma beta-endorphin levels in the rat. Endocrinology 118: 280–286

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dave JR, Eiden LE, Lozovsky D, Waschek JA, Eskay RL (1987) Calcium- independent and calcium-dependent mechanisms regulate corticotropin- releasing factor-stimulated proopiomelanocortin peptide secretion and messenger ribonucleic acid production. Endocrinology 120: 305–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Day R, Schäfer MK-H, Watson SJ, Akil H (1990) Effects of hypophysectomy on dynorphin mRNA and peptide content in the rat adrenal gland. In: Quirion R, Jhamandas K, Giounalakis C (eds) The international narcotics conference (IRNC)’89. Liss, New York, pp 207–210

    Google Scholar 

  • De Keyzer Y, Bertagna X, Lenne F, Girard F, Luton JP, Kahn A (1985) Altered proopiomelanocortin gene expression in adrenocorticotropin-producing nonpituitary tumors. Comparative studies with corticotropic adenomas and normal pituitaries. J Clin Invest 76: 1892–1898

    Google Scholar 

  • De Keyzer Y, Bertagna X, Luton JP, Kahn A (1989) Variable modes of proopiomelanocortin gene transcription in human tumors. Mol Endocrinol 3: 215–223

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeBold CR, Nicholson WE, Orth DN (1988a) Immunoreactive proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) peptides and POMC-like messenger ribonucleic acid are present in many rat nonpituitary tissues. Endocrinology 122: 2648–2657

    Google Scholar 

  • DeBold CR, Menefee JK, Nicholson WE, Orth DN (1988b) Proopiomelanocortin gene is expressed in many normal human tissues and in tumors not associated with ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome. Mol Endocrinol 2: 862–870

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeBold CR, Mufson EE, Menefee JK, Orth DN (1988c) Proopiomelanocortin gene expression in a pheochromocytoma using upstream transcription initiation sites. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 155: 895–900

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douglass J, Cox B, Quinn B, Civelli O, Herbert E (1987) Expression of the prodynorphin gene in male and female mammalian reproductive tissues. Endocrinology 120: 707–713

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douglass J, McMurray CT, Garrett JE, Adelman JP, Calavetta L (1989) Characterization of the rat prodynorphin gene. Mol Endocrinol 3: 2070–2078

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Draisci G, Iadarola MJ (1989) Temporal analysis of increases in c-fos, preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin mRNAs in rat spinal cord. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 6: 31–37

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drouin J, Chamberland M, Charron J, Jeannotte L, Nemer M (1985) Structure of the rat pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene. FEBS Lett 193: 54–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Drouin J, Trifiro MA, Plante RK, Nemer M, Erikson P, Wrange Y (1989) Glucocorticoid receptor binding to a specific DNA sequence is required for hormone-dependent repression of pro-opiomelanocortin gene transcription. Mol Cell Biol 9: 5305–5314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eberwine JH, Roberts JL (1984) Glucocorticoid regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin gene transcription in the rat pituitary. J Biol Chem 259: 2166–2170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eberwine JH, Jonassen JA, Evinger MJ, Roberts JL (1987) Complex transcriptional regulation by glucocorticoids and corticotropin-releasing hormone of proopiomelanocortin gene expression in rat pituitary cultures. DNA 6: 483–492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eiden LE, Giraud P, Dave JR, Hotchkiss AJ, Affolter HU (1984a) Nicotinic receptor stimulation activates enkephalin release and biosynthesis in adrenal chromaffin cells. Nature 312: 661–663

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eiden LE, Giraud P, Affolter HU, Herbert E, Hotchkiss AJ (1984b) Alternative modes of enkephalin biosynthesis regulation by reserpine and cyclic AMP in cultured chromaffin cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 3949–3953

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elkabes S, Loh YP (1988) Effect of salt loading on proopiomelanocortin (POMC) messenger ribonucleic acid levels, POMC biosynthesis, and secretion of POMC products in the mouse pituitary gland. Endocrinology 123: 1754–1760

    Google Scholar 

  • Farin C-J, Höllt V, Kley N (1990a) Proenkephalin gene expression in cultured chromaffin cells is regulated at the transcriptional level. In: Quirion R, Jhamandas K, Giounalakis C (eds) The international narcotics research conference (IRNC)’89. Liss, New York, pp 239–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Farin CJ, Kley N, Höllt V (1990b) Mechanisms involved in the transcriptional activation of proenkephalin gene expression in bovine chromaffin cells. J Biol Chem 265: 19116–19121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer-Colbrie R, Iacangelo A, Eiden LE (1988) Neural and humoral factors separately regulate neuropeptide Y, enkephalin, and chromogranin A and B mRNA levels in rat adrenal medulla. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 3240–3244

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folkesson R, Monstein HJ, Geijer T, Pahlman S, Nilsson K, Terenius L (1988) Expression of the proenkephalin gene in human neuroblastoma cell lines. Brain Res 427: 147–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folkesson R, Monstein HJ, Geijer T, Terenius L (1989) Modulation of proenkephalin A gene expression by cyclic AMP. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 5: 211–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fremeau RT Jr, Lundblad JR, Pritchett DB, Wilcox JN, Roberts JL (1986) Regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin gene transcription in individual cell nuclei. Science 234: 1265–1269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gagner JP, Drouin J (1985) Opposite regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin gene transcription by glucocorticoids and CRH. Mol Cell Endocrinol 40: 25–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gall C, Brecha N, Karten HJ, Chang KJ (1981) Localization of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity to identified axonal and neuronal populations of the rat hippocampus. J Comp Neurol 198: 335–350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrett JE, Douglass JO (1989) Human chorionic gonadotropin regulates expression of the proenkephalin gene in adult rat Leydig cells. Mol Endocrinol 3: 2093–2100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrett JE, Collard MW, Douglass JO (1989) Translational control of germ cell- expressed mRNA imposed by alternative splicing: opioid peptide gene expression in rat testis. Mol Cell Biol 9: 4381–4389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gee CE, Chen CL, Roberts JL, Thompson R, Watson SJ (1983) Identification of proopiomelanocortin neurones in rat hypothalamus by in situ cDNA-mRNA hybridization. Nature 306: 374–376

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giraud P, Kowalski C, Barthel F, Becquet D, Renard M, Grino M, Boudouresque S, Loeffler JP (1991) Striatol proenkephalin turnover and gene transcription are regulated by cyclic AMP and protein kinase C-related pathways. Neuroscience 43: 67–79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gizang-Ginsberg E, Wolgemuth DJ (1985) Localization of mRNAs in mouse testes by in situ hybridization: distribution of alpha-tubulin and developmental stage specificity of pro-opiomelanocortin transcripts. Dev Biol 111: 293–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graybiel AM (1986) Neuropeptides in the basal ganglia. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 64: 135–161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harbuz MS, Lightman SL (1989) Responses of hypothalamic and pituitary mRNA to physical and psychological stress in the rat. J Endocrinol 122: 705–711

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harlan RE, Shivers BD, Romano GJ, Howells RD, Pfaff DW (1987) Localization of preproenkephalin in the rat brain and spinal cord by in situ hybridization. J Comp Neurol 258: 159–184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hatfield JM, Daikh DI, Adelman JP, Douglass J, Bond CT, Allen RG (1989) In situ hybridization detection of marked differences in pre-proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid content of individual corticotropes and melanotropes. Endocrinology 124: 1359–1364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henricksen SJ, Chouvet G, Bloom FE (1982) In vivo cellular responses to electrophoretically applied dynorphin in the rat hippocampus. Life Sci 31: 1785–1788

    Google Scholar 

  • Höllt V, Haarmann I (1984) Corticotropin-releasing factor differentially regulates proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in anterior as compared to intermediate pituitary lobes of rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 124: 407–415

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Höllt V, Haarmann I (1985) Differential alterations by chronic treatment with morphine of pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA levels in anterior as compared to intermediate pituitary lobes of rats. Neuropeptides 5:481–484

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Höllt V, Horn G (1989) Nicotine and opioid peptides. In: Nordberg A, Fuxe K, Holmstedt B, Sundwall A (eds) Nicotinic receptors in the CNS: their role in synaptic transmission. Prog Brain Res 79: 187–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Höllt V, Horn G (1992) Effect of nicotine on mRNA levels encoding opioid peptides, vasopressin and α3 nicotinic receptor submit in the rat. Clin Investig 70: 224–231

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Höllt V, Sincini E (1988) Bombesin and structurally related peptides increase inositol-1-phosphate production in a corticotrophic cell line of the pituitary (AtT-20). Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 117 [Suppl 287]: 206–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Höllt V, Haarmann I, Seizinger BR, Herz A (1982) Chronic haloperidol treatment increases the level of in vitro translatable messenger ribonucleic acid coding for the beta-endorphin/adrenocorticotropin precursor proopiomelanocortin in the pars intermedia of the rat pituitary. Endocrinology 110: 1885–1891

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Höllt V, Przewlocki R, Haarmann I, Almeida OF, Kley N, Millan MJ, Herz A (1986) Stress-induced alterations in the levels of messenger RNA coding for proopiomelanocortin and prolactin in rat pituitary. Neuroendocrinology 43: 277–282

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Höllt V, Haarmann I, Millan MJ, Herz A (1987) Prodynorphin gene expression is enhanced in the spinal cord of chronic arthritic rats. Neurosci Lett 73: 90–94

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Höllt V, Haarmann I, Reimer S (1989a) Opioid peptide gene expression in rats after chronic morphine treatment. Adv Biosci 75: 711–714

    Google Scholar 

  • Höllt V, Haarmann I, Reimer S (1989b) Opioid gene expression in rats after chronic morphine treatment. Adv Biosci 75: 711–714

    Google Scholar 

  • Horikawa S, Takai T, Toyosato M, Takahashi H, Noda M, Kakidani H, Kubo T, Hirose T, Inayama S, Hayashida H, Miyata T, Numa S (1983) Isolation and structural organization of the human preproenkephalin B gene. Nature 306: 611–614

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howells RD, Kilpatrick DL, Bailey LC, Noe M, Udenfriend S (1986) Proenkephalin mRNA in rat heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 1960–1963

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt SP, Pini A, Evan G (1987) Induction of c-fos-like protein in spinal cord neurons following sensory stimulation. Nature 328: 632–634

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyman SE, Comb M, Lin YS, Pearlberg J, Green MR, Goodman HM (1988) A common trans-acting factor is involved in transcriptional regulation of neurotransmitter genes by cyclic AMP. Mol Cell Biol 8: 4225–4233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyman SE, Comb M, Pearlberg J, Goodman HM (1989) An AP-2 element acts synergistically with the cyclic AMP- and phorbol ester-inducible enhancer of the human proenkephalin gene. Mol Cell Biol 9: 321–324

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iadarola MJ, Douglass J, Civelli O, Naranjo JR (1986) Increased spinal cord dynorphin mRNA during peripheral inflammation. Natl Inst Drug Abuse Res Monogr Ser 75: 406–409

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iadarola MJ, Brady LS, Draisci G, Dubner R (1988a) Enhancement of dynorphin gene expression in spinal cord following experimental inflammation: stimulus specificity, behavioral parameters and opioid receptor binding. Pain 35: 313–326

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iadarola MJ, Douglass J, Civelli O, Naranjo JR (1988b) Differential activation of spinal cord dynorphin and enkephalin neurons during hyperalgesia: evidence using cDNA hybridization. Brain Res 455: 205–212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inturrisi CE, Branch AD, Robertson HD, Howells RD, Franklin SO, Shapiro JR, Calvano SE, Yoburn BC (1988a) Glucocorticoid regulation of enkephalins in cultured rat adrenal medulla. Mol Endocrinol 2: 633–640

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inturrisi CE, LaGamma EF, Franklin SO, Huang T, Nip TJ, Yoburn BC (1988b) Characterization of enkephalins in rat adrenal medullary explants. Brain Res 448: 230–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Israel A, Cohen SN (1985) Hormonally mediated negative regulation of human pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression after transfection into mouse L cells. Mol Cell Biol 5: 2443–2453

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeannotte L, Burbach JPH, Drouin J (1987a) Unusual proopiomelanocortin ribonucleic acids in extrapituitary tissues: intronless transcripts in testes and long poly ( A) tails in the hypothalamus. Mol Endocrinol 1: 749–757

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeannotte L, Trifiro MA, Plante RK, Chamberland M, Drouin J (1987b) Tissue- specific activity of the pro-opiomelanocortin gene promoter. Mol Cell Biol 7: 4058–4064

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin DF, Muffly KE, Okulicz WC, Kilpatrick DL (1988) Estrous cycle- and pregnancy-related differences in expression of the proenkephalin and pro-opiomelanocortin genes in the ovary and uterus. Endocrinology 122: 1466–1471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jingami H, Nakanishi S, Imura H, Numa S (1984) Tissue distribution of messenger RNAs coding for opioid peptide precursors and related RNA. Eur J Biochem 142: 441–447

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanamatsu T, Unsworth CD, Diliberto EJ Jr, Viveros OH, Hong JS (1986) Reflex splanchnic nerve stimulation increases levels of proenkephalin A mRNA and proenkephalin A-related peptides in the rat adrenal medulla. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 9245–9249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keshet E, Polakiewicz RD, Itin A, Ornoy A, Rosen H (1989) Proenkephalin A is expressed in mesodermal lineages during organogenesis. EMBO J 8: 2917–2923

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler U, Sincini E, Stalla GK, Höllt V (1989) Bombesin stimulates release of β-endorphin in corticotrophic pituitary cells in vitro. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 120 [Suppl 1]: 206–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick DL, Millette CF (1986) Expression of proenkephalin messenger RNA by mouse spermatogenic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 5015–5018

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick DL, Rosenthal JL (1986) The proenkephalin gene is widely expressed within the male and female reproductive systems of the rat and hamster. Endocrinology 119: 370–374

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick DL, Howells RD, Fleminger G, Udenfriend S (1984) Denervation of rat adrenal glands markedly increases preproenkephalin mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 7221–7223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick DL, Howells RD, Noe M, Bailey LC, Udenfriend S (1985) Expression of preproenkephalin-like mRNA and its peptide products in mammalian testis and ovary. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 7467–7469

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick DL, Borland K, Jin DF (1987) Differential expression of opioid peptide genes by testicular germ cells and somatic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 5695–5699

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kley N (1988) Multiple regulation of proenkephalin gene expression by protein kinase C. J Biol Chem 263: 2003–2008

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kley N, Loeffler JP, Pittius CW, Höllt V (1986) Proenkephalin A gene expression in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells is regulated by changes in electrical activity. EMBO J 5: 967–970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kley N, Loeffler JP, Pittius CW, Höllt V (1987a) Involvement of ion channels in the induction of proenkephalin A gene expression by nicotine and cAMP in bovine chromaffin cells. J Biol Chem 262: 4083–4089

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kley N, Loeffler JP, Höllt V (1987b) Ca2+-dependent histaminergic regulation of proenkephalin mRNA levels in cultured adrenal chromaffin cells. Neuroendocrinology 46: 89–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knight RM, Farah JM, Bishop JF, O’Donohue TL (1987) CRF and cAMP regulation of POMC gene expression in corticotrophic tumor cells. Peptides 8: 927–934

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobierski LA, Chu H-M, Comb MJ (1991) cAMP-dependent regulation of proenkephalin by JunD and JunB: Positive and negative effects of AP-1 proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci 88:10222–10226

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korner M, Rattner A, Manxion F, Sen T, Citri Y (1989) A brain-specific transcription activator. Neuron 3: 563–572

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kowalski C, Giraud P, Boudouresque F, Lissitzky JC, Cupo A, Renard M, Saura RM, Oliver C (1989) Enkephalins expression in striatal cell cultures. Adv Biosci 75: 225–228

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kraus J, Höllt V (1990) A negative regulatory element in the upstream promoter region of the human proopiomelanocortin gene. In: Van Ree J, Mulder AJ, Wiegant VM, van Wimersma Greidanus TB (eds) New leads in opioid research. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 115–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraus J, Buchfelder M, Höllt V (1992) Regulatory elements of the human proopiomelanocortin gene promoter. DNA Cell Biol (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacaze-Masmonteil T, de-Keyzer Y, Luton JP, Kahn A, Bertagna X (1987) Characterization of proopiomelanocortin transcripts in human nonpituitary tissures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 7261–7265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LaGamma EF, Adler JE (1987) Glucocorticoids regulate adrenal opiate peptides. Mol Brain Res 2: 125–130

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LaGamma EF, White JD, Adler JE, Krause JE, McKelvy JF, Black IB (1985) Depolarization regulates adrenal preproenkephalin mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 8252–8255

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LaGamma EF, White JD, McKelvy JF, Black IB (1988) Second messenger mechanisms governing opiate peptide transmitter regulation in the rat adrenal medulla. Brain Res 441: 292–298

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LaGamma EF, Goldstein NK, Snyder Jr SB, Weisinger G (1989) Prerproenkephalin DNA-binding proteins in the rat: 5’-flanking region. Mol Brain Res 5: 131–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Moine C, Normand E, Guitteny AF, Fouque B, Teoule R, Bloch B (1990) Dopamine receptor gene expression by enkephalin neurons in rat forebrain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 230–234

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee PHK, Zhao D, Xie CW, McGinty JF, Mitchell CL, Hong JS (1989) Changes of proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNAs and related peptides in rat brain during the development of deep prepyriform cortex kindling. Mol Brain Res 6: 263–273

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leviel V, Fayada C, Guibert B, Chaminade M, Machek G, Mallet J, Biguet NF (1990) Short- and long-term alterations of gene expression in limbic structures by repeated electroconvulsive-induced seizures. J Neurochem 54: 899–904

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin N, Blum M, Roberts JL (1989) Modulation of basal and corticotropin- releasing factor-stimulated proopiomelanocortin gene expression by vasopressin in rat anterior pituitary. Endocrinology 125: 2957–2966

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy A, Lightman SL (1988) Quantitative in-situ hybridization histochemistry in the rat pituitary gland: effect of bromocriptine on prolactin and pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression. J Endocrinol 118: 205–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Risbridger GP, Funder JW, Clements JA (1989) Effect of ethane dimethane sulphonate on proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA and POMC-derived peptides in the rat testis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 65: 203–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Li SJ, Sivam SP, McGinty JF, Jiang HK, Douglass J, Calavetta L, Hong JS (1988) Regulation of the metabolism of striatal dynorphin by the dopaminergic system. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 246: 403–408

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lightman SL, Young WS (1987a) Changes in hypothalamic preproenkephalin A mRNA following stress and opiate withdrawal. Nature 328: 643–645

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lightman SL, Young WS (1987b) Vasopressin, oxytocin, dynorphin, enkephalin and corticotrophin-releasing factor mRNA stimulation in the rat. J Physiol (Lond) 394: 23–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lightman SL, Young WS (1988) Corticotrophin-releasing factor, vasopressin and pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA responses to stress and opiates in the rat. J Physiol (Lond) 403: 511–523

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Llorens-Cortes C, Giros B, Quach T, Schwartz J-C (1990) Adaptive changes in two indices of enkephalin neuron activity in mouse striatum following gabaergic stimulation. In: Quirion R, Jhanmandas K, Gianoulakis C (eds) The international narcotics research conference (INRC)’89. Liss, New York, pp 203– 206

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeffler JP, Kley N, Pittius CW, Höllt V (1985) Corticotropin-releasing factor and forskolin increase proopiomelanocortin messenger RNA levels in rat anterior and intermediate cells in vitro. Neurosci Lett 62: 383–387

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loeffler JP, Kley N, Pittius CW, Höllt V (1986a) Calcium ion and cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate regulate proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in rat intermediate and anterior pituitary lobes. Endocrinology 119: 2840–2847

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loeffler JP, Demeneix BA, Pittius CW, Kley N, Haegele KD, Höllt V (1986b) GABA differentially regulates the gene expression of proopiomelanocortin in rat intermediate and anterior pituitary. Peptides 7: 253–258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loeffler JP, Kley N, Pittius CW, Höllt V (1986c) Regulation of proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA levels in primary pituitary cultures. Natl Inst Drug Abuse Res Monogr Ser 75: 397–400

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeffler JP, Demeneix BA, Kley NA, Höllt V (1988) Dopamine inhibition of proopiomelanocortin gene expression in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. Interactions with corticotropin-releasing factor and the beta-adrenergic receptors and the adenylate cyclase system. Neuroendocrinology 47: 95–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeffler JP, Kley N, Louis JC, Demeneix BA (1989) Ca2+ regulates hormone secretion and proopiomelanocortin gene expression in melanotrope cells via the calmodulin and the protein kinase C pathways. J Neurochem 52: 1279–1283

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Low KG, Nielsen CP, West NB, Douglass J, Brenner RM, Maslar IA, Melner MH (1989) Proenkephalin gene expression in the primate uterus: regulation by estradiol in the endometrium. Mol Endocrinol 3: 852–857

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luini A, Lewis D, Guild S, Corda D, Axelrod J (1985) Hormone secretagogues increase cytosolic calcium by increasing cAMP in corticotropin-secreting cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 8034–8038

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundblad JR, Roberts JL (1988) Regulation of proopiomelanocortin gene expression in pituitary. Endocr Rev 9: 135–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGinty JF, Henriksen SJ, Goldstein A, Terenius L, Bloom FE (1983) Dynorphin is contained within hippocampal mossy fibers: immunochemical alterations after kainic acid administration and colchicine-induced neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 589–593

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLoughlin L, Buzzetti R, Lavender PM, Clark A, Rees LH (1990) Pro-opiomelanocortin derived peptides in cells of the human immune system. In: Van Ree J, Mulder AH, Wiegant VM, van Wimersma Greidanus TB (eds) New leads in opioid research. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 373–374

    Google Scholar 

  • McMurray CT, Devi L, Calavetta L, Douglass JO (1989) Regulated expression of the prodynorphin gene in the R2C Leydig tumor cell line. Endocrinology 124: 49–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melner MH, Young SL, Czerwiec FS, Lyn D, Puett D, Roberts JL, Koos RD (1986) The regulation of granulosa cell proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid by androgens and gonadotropins. Endocrinology 119: 2082–2088

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishina M, Kurosaki T, Yamamoto T, Notake M, Masu M, Numa S (1982) DNA sequences required for transcription in vivo of the human corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor gene. EMBO J 1: 1533–1538

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mocchetti A, Ritter A, Costa E (1989) Down-regulation of proopiomelanocortin synthesis and beta-endorphin utilization in hypothalamus of morphine-tolerant rats. J Mol Neurosci 1: 33–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mocchetti I, Giorgi O, Schwartz JP, Costa E (1984) A reduction of the tone of 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons decreases utilization rates of striatal and hypothalamic enkephalins. Eur J Pharmacol 106: 427–430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mocchetti I, Guidotti A, Schwartz JP, Costa E (1985) Reserpine changes the dynamic state of enkephalin stores in rat striatum and adrenal medulla by different mechanisms. J Neurosci 5: 3379–3385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mocchetti I, Naranjo JR, Costa E (1987) Regulation of striatal enkephalin turnover in rats receiving antagonists of specific dopamine receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 241: 1120–1124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moneta ME, Höllt V (1990) Perforant path kindling induces differential alterations in the mRNA levels coding for prodynorphin and proenkephalin in the rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 110: 273–278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monstein HJ, Geijer T (1988) A highly sensitive Northern blot assay detects multiple proenkephalin A-like mRNAs in human caudate nucleus and pheochromocytoma. Biosci Rep 8: 255–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monstein HJ, Folkesson R, Terenius L (1986) Proenkephalin A-like mRNA in human leukemia leukocytes and CNS-tissues. Life Sci 39: 2237–2241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris B, Herz A, Höllt V (1989) Location of striatal opioid gene expression, and its modulation by the mesostriatal dopamine pathway: an in situ hybridization study. J Mol Neurosci 1: 9–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris BJ, Haarmann I, Kempter B, Höllt V, Herz A (1986) Localization of prodynorphin messenger RNA in rat brain by in situ hybridization using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe. Neurosci Lett 69: 104–108

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris BJ, Moneta ME, ten-Bruggencate G, Höllt V (1987) Levels of prodynorphin mRNA in rat dentate gyrus are decreased during hippocampal kindling. Neurosci Lett 80: 298–302

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris BJ, Feasey KJ, ten-Bruggencate G, Herz A, Höllt V (1988a) Electrical stimulation in vivo increases the expression of proenkephalin mRNA and decreases the expression of prodynorphin mRNA in rat hippocampal granule cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 3226–3230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris BJ, Reimer S, Höllt V, Herz A (1988b) Regulation of striatal prodynorphin mRNA levels by the raphe-striatal pathway. Brain Res 464: 15–22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris BJ, Höllt V, Herz A (1988c) Opioid gene expression in rat striatum is modulated via opioid receptors: evidence from localized receptor inactivation. Neurosci Lett 89: 80–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris BJ, Höllt V, Herz A (1988d) Dopaminergic regulation of striatal proenkephalin mRNA and prodynorphin mR. Neuroscience 25: 525–532

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakai Y, Usui T, Tsukuda T, Takahashi H, Fukata U, Fukushima M, Senoo K, Imura H (1991) Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid inhibition of human proopiomelanocortin gene transcription. J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol 40: 301–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura M, Nakanishi S, Sueoka S, Ipura H, Numa S (1978) Effects of steroid hormones on the level of corticotropin messenger RNA activity in cultured mouse-pituitary-tumor cells. Eur J Biochem 86:61–66 Nakanishi S, Inoue A, Kita T, Nakamura M, Chang AC, Cohen SN, Numa S (1979) Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for bovine corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor. Nature 278: 423–427

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakanishi S, Teranishi Y, Watanabe Y, Notake M, Noda M, Kakidani H, Jingami H, Numa S (1981) Isolation and characterization of the bovine corticotropin/beta-lipotropin precursor gene. Eur J Biochem 115: 429–438

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naranjo JR, Iadarola MJ, Costa E (1986a) Changes in the dynamic state of brain proenkephalin-derived peptides during amygdaloid kindling. J Neurosci Res 16: 75–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naranjo JR, Mocchetti I, Schwartz JP, Costa E (1986b) Permissive effect of dexamethasone on the increase of proenkephalin mRNA induced by depolarization of chromaffin cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 1513–1517

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naranjo JR, Wise BC, Mellstrom B, Costa E (1988) Negative feedback regulation of the content of proenkephalin mRNA in chromaffin cell cultures. Neuropharmacology 27: 337–343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naranjo JR, Mellström B, Achaval M, Sassone-Corsi P (1991) Molecular pathways of pain: fos/jun-mediated activation of a noncanonical AP-1 site in the prodynorphin gene. Neuron 6: 606–617

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishimori T, Moskowitz MA, Uhl GR (1988) Opioid peptide gene expression in rat trigeminal nucleus caudalis neurons: normal distribution and effects of trigeminal deafferentation. J Comp Neurol 274: 142–150

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishimori T, Buzzi MG, Moskowitz MA, Uhl GR (1989) Proenkephalin mRNA expression in nucleus caudalis neurons is enhanced by trigeminal stimulation. Mol Brain Res 6: 203–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noble EP, Bommer M, Sincini E, Costa T, Herz A (1986) Hl-histaminergic activation stimulates inositol-1-phosphate accumulation in chromaffin cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 135: 566–573

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noda M, Teranishi Y, Takahashi H, Toyosato M, Notake M, Nakanishi S, Numa S (1982) Isolation and structural organization of the human preproenkephalin gene. Nature 297: 431–434

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noguchi K, Kowalski K, Traub R, Solodkin A, Iadarola MJ, Ruda MA (1991) Dynorphin expression and fos-like immunoreactivity following inflammation- induced hyperalgesia are colocalized in spinal cord neurones. Mol Brain Res 10: 227–233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Normand E, Popovici T, Onteniente B, Fellmann D, Piatier-Tonneau D, Auffray C, Bloch B (1988) Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra modulate preproenkephalin A gene expression in rat striatal neurons. Brain Res 439: 39–46

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Notake M, Tobimatsu T, Watanabe Y, Takahashi H, Mishina M, Numa S (1983a) Isolation and characterization of the mouse corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor gene and a related pseudogene. FEBS Lett 156: 67–71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Notake M, Kurosaki T, Yamamoto T, Handa H, Mishina M, Numa S (1983b) Sequence requirement for transcription in vitro of the human corticotropin/beta- lipotropin precursor gene. Eur J Biochem 133: 599–605

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oates E, Herbert E (1984) 5’ sequence of porcine and rat pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA. One porcine and two rat forms. J Biol Chem 259: 7421–7425

    Google Scholar 

  • Pintar JE, Schachter BS, Herman AB, Durgerian S, Krieger DT (1984) Characterization and localization of proopiomelanocortin messenger RNA in the adult rat testis. Science 225: 632–634

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pittius CW, Kley N, Loeffler JP, Höllt V (1985) Quantitation of proenkephalin A messenger RNA in bovine brain, pituitary and adrenal medulla: correlation between mRNA and peptide levels. EMBO J 4: 1257–1260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pittius CW, Kley N, Loeffler JP, Höllt V (1987) Proenkephalin B messenger RNA in porcine tissues: characterization, quantification, and correlation with opioid peptides. J Neurochem 48: 586–592

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pollack AE, Wooten GF (1992) Differential regulation of striatal preproenkephalin mRNA by D1 and D2 receptors. Mol Brain Res 12: 111–119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchett DB, Roberts JL (1987) Dopamine regulates expression of the glandular- type kallikrein gene at the transcriptional level in the pituitary. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 5545–5549

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pruss RM, Stauderman KA (1988) Voltage-regulated calcium channels involved in the regulation of enkephalin synthesis are blocked by phorbol ester treatment. J Biol Chem 263: 13173–13178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Przewlocki R, Haarmann I, Nikolarakis K, Herz A, Höllt V (1988) Prodynorphin gene expression in spinal cord is enhanced after traumatic injury in the rat. Brain Res 464: 37–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quach TT, Tang F, Kageyama H, Mocchetti I, Guidotti A, Meek JL, Costa E, Schwartz JP (1984) Enkephalin biosynthesis in adrenal medulla. Modulation of proenkephalin mRNA content of cultured chromaffin cells by 8-bromoadenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate. Mol Pharmacol 26: 255–260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rattner A, Korner M, Rosen H, Baenerle PA, Citri Y (1991) Nuclear factor KB activates proenkephalin transcription in T-lymphocytes. Mol Cell Biol 11: 1017–1022

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reimer S, Höllt V (1990a) Gabaergic regulation of striatal opioid gene expression. Mol Brain Res 10: 49–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimer S, Höllt V (1990b) Morphine increases proenkephalin gene expression in the adrenal medulla by a central mechanism. In: Quirion R, Jhamandas K, Giounalakis C (eds) The international narcotics research conference (IRNC)’89 Liss, New York, pp 215–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimer S, Sirinathsinghji DJS, Nikolorakis KE, Höllt V (1992) Differential dopaminergic regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNAs in the basal ganglia of rats. Mol Brain Res 12: 259–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reisine T, Rougon G, Barbet J (1986) Liposome delivery of cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor into intact cells: specific blockade of cAMP-mediated adrenocorticotropin release from mouse anterior pituitary cells. J Cell Biol 102: 1630–1637

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riegel AT, Lu Y, Remenick J, Wolford RG, Berard DS, Hager GL (1991) Proopiomelanocortin gene promoter elements required for constitutive and glucocorticoid-repressed transcription. Mol Endocrinol 5: 1973–1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts JL, Seeburg PH, Shine J, Herbert E, Baxter JD, Goodman HM (1979) Corticotropin and beta-endorphin: construction and analysis of recombinant DNA complementary to mRNA for the common precursor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 2153–2157

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts JL, Lundblad JR, Eberwine JH, Fremeau RT, Salton SR, Blum M (1987) Hormonal regulation of POMC gene expression in pituitary. Ann NY Acad Sci 512: 275–285

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romano GJ, Shivers BD, Harlan RE, Howells RD, Pfaff DW (1987) Haloperidol increases proenkephalin mRNA levels in the caudate-putamen of the rat: a quantitative study at the cellular level using in situ hybridization. Brain Res 388: 33–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romano GJ, Mobbs CV, Howells RD, Pfaff DW (1989) Estrogen regulation of proenkephalin gene expression in the ventromedial hypothalamus of the rat: temporal qualities and synergism with progesterone. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 5: 51–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen H, Douglass J, Herbert E (1984) Isolation and characterization of the rat proenkephalin gene. J Biol Chem 259: 14309–14313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen H, Behar O, Abramsky O, Ovadia H (1989) Regulated expression of proenkephalin A in normal lymphocytes. J Immunol 143: 3703–3707

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruda MA, Iadarola MJ, Cohen LV, Young WS (1988) In situ hybridization histochemistry and immunocytochemistry reveal an increase in spinal dynorphin biosynthesis in a rat model of peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 622–626

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schachter BS, Johnson LK, Baxter JD, Roberts JL (1982) Differential regulation by glucocorticoids of proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the rat pituitary. Endocrinology 110: 1442–1444

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer MK-H, Day R, Herman JP, Kwasiborski V, Sladek CD, Akil H, Watson SJ (1989) Effects of electroconvulsive shock on dynorphin in the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system of the rat. Adv Biosci 75: 599–602

    Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer MK-H, Day R, Akil H, Watson SJ (1990) Identification of prodynorphin and proenkephalin cells in the neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland. In: Quirion R, Jhamadas K, Giounalakis C (eds) The international narcotics research conference (IRNC)’89. Liss, New York, pp 231–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz JP (1988) Chronic exposure to opiate agonists increases proenkephalin biosynthesis in NG108 cells. Brain Res 427: 141–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz JP, Simantov R (1988) Developmental expression of proenkephalin mRNA in rat striatum and in striatal cultures. Brain Res 468: 311–314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seger MA, van-Eekelen JA, Kiss JZ, Burbach JP, de-Kloet ER (1988) Stimulation of pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression by glucocorticoids in the denervated rat intermediate pituitary gland. Neuroendocrinology 47: 350–357

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seizinger BR, Bovermann K, Höllt V, Herz A (1984a) Enhanced activity of the beta-endorphinergic system in the anterior and neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary after chronic treatment with ethanol liquid diet. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 230: 455–461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seizinger BR, Höllt V, Herz A (1984b) Effects of chronic ethanol treatment on the in vitro biosynthesis of pro-opiomelanocortin and its posttranslational processing to beta-endorphin in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary. J Neurochem 43: 607–613

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman TG, Civelli O, Douglass J, Herbert E, Burke S, Watson SJ (1986) Hypothalamic dynorphin and vasopressin mRNA expression in normal and Brattleboro rats. Fed Proc 45: 2323–2327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiomi H, Watson SJ, Kelsey JE, Akil H (1986) Pretranslational and post- translational mechanisms for regulating beta-endorphin-adrenocorticotropin of the anterior pituitary lobe. Endocrinology 119: 1793–1799

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel RE, Eiden LE, Affolter HU (1985) Elevated potassium stimulates encephalin biosynthesis in bovine chromaffin cells. Neuropeptides 6: 543–552

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simantov R, Höllt V (1990) Regulation of proenkephalin A gene expression in aggregating fetal rat brain cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 11: 245–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Simard J, Labrie F, Gossard F (1986) Regulation of growth hormone mRNA and pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA levels by cyclic AMP in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. DNA 5: 263–270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivam SP, Hong JS (1986) GABAergic regulation of enkephalin in rat striatum: alterations in Met5-enkephalin level, precursor content and preproenkephalin messenger RNA abundance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 237: 326–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivam SP, Breese GR, Napier TC, Mueller RA, Hong JS (1986a) Dopaminergic regulation of proenkephalin-A gene expression in the basal ganglia. Natl Inst Drug Abuse Res Monogr Ser 75: 389–392

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivam SP, Strunk C, Smith DR, Hong JS (1986b) Proenkephalin-A gene regulation in the rat striatum: influence of lithium and haloperidol. Mol Pharmacol 30: 186–191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivam SP, Takeuchi K, Li S, Douglass J, Civelli O, Calvetta L, Herbert E, McGinty JF, Hong JS (1988) Lithium increases dynorphin A(1–8) and prodynorphin mRNA levels in the basal ganglia of rats. Brain Res 427: 155–163

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenberg JL, Rauscher FJ, Morgan JI, Curran T (1989) Regulation of proenkephalin by Fos and Jun. Science 246: 1622–1625

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spampinato S, Bachetti T, Canossa M, Ferri S (1990) Prodynorphin messenger RNA expression in the rat anterior pituitary is regulated by estrogen. In: Quirion R, Jhamandas K, Giounalakis C (eds). Liss, New York, pp 211–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Springhorn JP, Claycomb WC (1989) Preproenkephalin mRNA expression in developing rat heart and in cultured ventricular cardiac muscle cells. Biochem J 258: 73–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stachowiak MK, Lee PH, Rigual RJ, Viveros OH, Hong JS (1988) Roles of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis in control of the native and cryptic enkephalin levels and proenkephalin mRNA in the sympathoadrenal system of the rat. Brain Res 427: 263–273

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stalla GK, Stalla J, Huber M, Loeffler JP, Höllt V, von-Werder K, Miiller OA (1988) Ketoconazole inhibits corticotropic cell function in vitro. Endocrinology 122: 618–623

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stalla GK, Stalla J, von-Werder K, Miiller OA, Gerzer R, Höllt V, Jakobs KH (1989a) Nitroimidaxzole derivatives inhibit anterior pituitary cell function apparently by a direct effect on the catalytic subunit of the adenylate cyclase holoenzyme. Endocrinology 125: 699–706

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stalla GK, Stalla J, Mojto J, Oeckler R, Buchfelder M, Müller OA (1989b) Regulation of corticotrophic adenoma cells in vitro. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 120 [Suppl 1]: 209–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Suda T, Tozawa F, Yamada M, Ushiyama T, Tomori N, Sumitomo T, Nakagami Y, Demura H, Shizume K (1988a) Effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone and dexamethasone on proopiomelanocortin messenger RNA level in human corticotroph adenoma cells in vitro. J Clin Invest 82: 110–114

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suda T, Tozawa F, Yamada M, Ushiyama T, Tomori N, Sumitomo T, Nakagami Y, Shizume K (1988b) In vitro study on proopiomelanocortin messenger RNA levels in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Life Sci 42: 1147–1152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suda T, Tozawa F, Ushiyama T, Tomori N, Sumitomo T, Nakagami Y, Yamada M, Demura H, Shizume K (1989) Effects of protein kinase-C-related adrenocorticotropin secretagogues and interleukin-1 on proopiomelanocortin gene expression in rat anterior pituitary cells. Endocrinology 124: 1444–1449

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suda T, Tozawa F, Ushiyama T, Sumitomo T, Yamada M, Demura H (1990) Interleukin-1 stimulates corticotropin-releasing factor gene expression in rat hypothalamus. Endocrinology 126: 1223–1228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi H, Hakamata Y, Watanabe Y, Kikuno R, Miyata T, Numa S (1983) Complete nucleotide sequence of the human corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor gene. Nucleic Acids Res 11: 6847–6858

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang F, Costa E, Schwartz JP (1983) Increase of proenkephalin mRNA and enkephalin content of rat striatum after daily injection of haloperidol for 2 to 3 weeks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 3841–3844

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tempel A (1990) Morphine-induced downregulation of mu opioid receptors and peptide synthesis in neonatal rat brain. In: Van Ree J, Mulder AH, Wiegant VM, van Wimersma Greidanus TB (eds) New leads in opioid research. Elseveier, Amsterdam, pp 99–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Terao M, Watanabe Y, Mishina M, Numa S (1983) Sequence requirement for transcription in vivo of the human preproenkephalin A gene. EMBO J 2: 2223–2228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Therrien M, Drouin J (1991) Pituitary proopiomelanocortin gene expression requires synergistic interaction of several regulatory elements.Mol Cell Biol 11: 3492–3503

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiele EA, Eipper BA (1990) Effect of secretagogues on components of the secretory system in AtT-20 cells. Endocrinology 126: 809–817

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomiko SA, Taraskevich PS, Douglas WW (1983) GABA acts directly on cells of pituitary pars intermedia to alter hormone output. Nature 301: 706–707

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tozawa F, Suda T, Yamada M, Ushiyama T, Tomori N, Sumitomo T, Nakagami Y, Demura H, Shizume K (1988) Insulin-induced hypoglycemia increases pro-opiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in rat anterior pituitary gland. Endocrinology 122: 1231–1235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tremblay Y, Tretjakoff I, Peterson A, Antakly T, Zhang CX, Drouin J (1988) Pituitary-specific expression and glucocorticoid regulation of a pro-opiomelanocortin fusion gene in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 8890–8894

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uhl GR, Ryan JP, Schwartz JP (1988) Morphine alters preproenkephalin gene expression. Brain Res 459: 391–397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uhler M, Herbert E, D’Eustachio P, Ruddle FD (1983) The mouse genome contains two nonallelic pro-opiomelanocortin genes. J Biol Chem 258: 9444–9453

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vernier P, Julien JF, Rataboul P, Fourrier O, Feuerstein C, Mallet J (1988) Similar time course changes in striatal levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase and proenkephalin mRNA following dopaminergic deafferentation in the rat. J Neurochem 51: 1375–1380

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vilijn MH, Vaysse PJ, Zukin RS, Kessler JA (1988) Expression of preproenkephalin mRNA by cultured astrocytes and neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 6551–6555

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Von Dreden G, Höllt V (1988) Vasopressin potentiates β-endorphin release but not the increase in the mRNA for proopiomelanocortin induced by corticotropin releasing factor in rat pituitary cells. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 117 [Suppl 287]: 124–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Dreden G, Loeffler JP, Grimm C, Höllt V (1988) Influence of calcium ions on proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels in clonal anterior pituitary cells. Neuroendocrinology 47: 32–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Vyas S, Bishop JF, Gehlert DR, Patel J (1990) Effects of protein kinase C down- regulation on secretory events and proopiomelanocortin gene expression in anterior pituitary tumor (AtT-20) cells. J Neurochem 54: 248–255

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wan DC, Livett BG (1989) Induction of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA expression by glucocorticoids in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Eur J Pharmacol 172: 107–115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wan DC, Scanlon D, Choi CL, Bunn SJ, Howe PR, Livett BG (1989a) Co-localization of RNAs coding for phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and proenkephalin A in bovine and ovine adrenals. J Auton Nerv Syst 26: 231–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wan DC, Marley PD, Livett BG (1989b) Histamine activates proenkephalin A mRNA but not phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase mRNA expression in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Eur J Pharmacol 172: 117–129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wand GS (1990) Differential regulation of anterior pituitary corticotrope function is observed in vivo but not in vitro in two lines of ethanol-sensitive mice. Alcoholism 14: 100–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wand JA, Eiden LE (1988) Calcium requirements for barium stimulation of enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal peptide biosynthesis in adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. Neuropeptides 11: 39–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Waschek JA, Dave JR, Eskay RL, Eiden LE (1987) Barium distinguishes separate calcium targets for synthesis and secretion of peptides in neuroendocrine cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 146: 495–501

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weihe E, Millan MJ, Höllt V, Nohr D, Herz A (1989) Induction of the gene encoding pro-dynorphin by experimentally induced arthritis enhances staining for dynorphin in the spinal cord of rats. Neuroscience 31: 77–95

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White JD, Gall CM, McKelvy JF (1987) Enkephalin biosynthesis and enkephalin gene expression are increased in hippocampal mossy fibers following a unilateral lesion of the hilus. J Neurosci 7: 753–759

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiemann JN, Clifton DK, Steiner RA (1989) Pubertal changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone and proopiomelanocortin gene expression in the brain of the male rat. Endocrinology 124: 1760–1767

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox JN, Roberts JL (1985) Estrogen decreases rat hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid levels. Endocrinology 117: 2392–2396

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie CW, Lee PH, Takeuchi K, Owyang V, Li SJ, Douglass J, Hong JS (1989) Single or repeated electroconvulsive shocks alter the levels of prodynorphin and proenkephalin mRNAs in rat brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 6: 11–19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie C-W, McGinty JF, Lee PHK, Mitchell CL, Hong J-S (1991) A glutamate antagonist blocks perforant stimulation-induced reduction of dynorphin peptide and prodynorphin mRNA levels in rat hippocampus. Brain Res 562: 243–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikawa K, Sabol SL (1986) Expression of the enkephalin precursor gene in C6 rat glioma cells: regulation by beta-adrenergic agonists and glucocorticoids. Brain Res 387: 75–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikawa K, Hong JS, Sabol SL (1985) Electroconvulsive shock increases preproenkephalin messenger RNA abundance in rat hypothalamus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 589–593

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikawa K, Maruyama K, Aizawa T, Yamamoto A (1989a) A new species of enkephalin precursor mRNA with a distinct 5’-untranslated region in haploid germ cells. FEBS Lett 246: 193–196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikawa K, Aizawa T, Nozawa A (1989b) Phorbol ester regulates the abundance of enkephalin precursor mRNA but not of amyloid beta-protein precursor mRNA in rat testicular peritubular cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 161: 568–575

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young WS, Bonner TI, Brann MR (1986) Mesencephalic dopamine neurons regulate the expression of neuropeptide mRNAs in the rat forebrain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 9827–9831

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng M, Yang SG, Zou G (1988) Electro-acupuncture markedly increases proenkephalin mRNA in rat striatum and pituitary. Sci sin [B] 31: 81–86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zurawski G, Benedik M, Kamb BJ, Abrams JS, Zurawski SM, Lee FD (1986) Activation of mouse T-helper cells induces abundant preproenkephalin mRNA synthesis. Science 232: 772–775

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Höllt, V. (1993). Regulation of Opioid Peptide Gene Expression. In: Herz, A., Akil, H., Simon, E.J. (eds) Opioids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 104 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77460-7_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77460-7_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-77462-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-77460-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics