Summary
The preferential tissue irrigatory effect of Ginkgo biloba extract in ischaemic areas is largely explained by the direct impact of this product on both arteries and veins.
The adrenergic vasoregulatory system and the vascular endothelium are the preferential targets for arterial impact. Ginkgo biloba extract reinforces the physiological vasoregulation of the sympathetic nervous system directly, by acting on neuromediator release, and indirectly, by inhibiting their extraneuronal degradation by catechol-orthomethyltransferase (C.O.M.T.).
In the arterial endothelium Ginkgo biloba extract stimulates the release of endogenous relaxing factors, such as endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and prostacyclin.
The action of Ginkgo biloba extract on the venous system has been shown to have a venoconstrictor component that maintains the degree of parietal tonus essential to the dynamic clearing of toxic metabolites accumulated during tissue ischemia.
The originality of the vascular impact mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba extract is due to the fact that the product can at the same time combat the phenomena resulting from vascular spasm and with the same efficiency restore circulation in areas subject to vasomotor paralysis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Auguet M., DeFeudis F.V., Clostre F., Deghenghi R.: Effects of an extract of Ginkgo biloba on rabbit isolated aport. Gen. Pharmac., 1982, 13, 225–230.
Auguet M., DeFeudis F.V., Clostre F., Deghenghi R.: Effects of Ginkgo biloba on arterial smooth muscle responses to vasoactive stimuli. Gen. Pharmac., 1982, 13, 169–171.
Auguet M., Clostre F.: Effects of an extract of Ginkgo biloba and diverse substances on the phasic and tonic components of the contraction of an isolated rabbit aorta. Gen. Pharmac., 1983, 14, 277–280.
Auguet M., Hellegouarch A., Delaflotte S., Baranes J., DeFeudis F.V., Clostre F., Braquet P., Drieu K.: Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on rabbit blood vessels. In: Cerebral ischemia, Bes A., Braquet P. Paoletti R., Siesjö B.K., Eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984, 347–354.
Baron J.: Phénomènes physiolpathologiques au cours del’ ischémie focale aiguë du cerveau. Revue de Médecine, 1983, 38, 1853–1863.
Bevan J.A.: Autonomic pharmacologist’s guide to the cerebral circulation. TIPS, 1984, 234–236.
Borchardt R.T., Huber J.A.: Catechol O-Methyltransferase-5 structure — activity relationships for inhibition by flavonoids. J. Med. Chem., 1975, 18, 120–122.
Borzeix M.G., Labos M., Hard C.: Recherches sur l’action anti-agrégante de l’extrait de Ginkgo biloba. Activité au niveau des artères et des veines de la pie-mère chez le lapin. Sem. Hôpitaux, 1980, 56, 383–398.
Chabrier P.E., Roubert P.: Capillaires cérébraux barrière hémato-encéphalique et effet de l’extrait de Ginkgo biloba. Presse Méd. 1986, 15, 1498–1501.
Chatterjee S.S.: Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on cerebral metabolic processes. In: Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on organic cerebral impairment, Agnoli A., Rapin J.R., Scapagnini V. Weitbrecht W.V. eds, John Libbey, London, 1985, 5–15.
DeFeudis F.V., Auguet M., Delaflotte S., Hellegouarch A., Baranes J., Chapelat M., Braquet M., Etienne A., Drieu K., Clostre F., and Braquet P.: Some in vitro and in vivo actions of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (GBE U761). In: Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on organic cerebral impairment, Agnoli A., Rapin J.R., Scapagnini V. Weitbrecht W.V. eds, John Libbey, London, 1985, 17–29.
DeFeudis F.V.: Mechanism of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Medical Hypotheses,1985, 17,363–374.M. Auguet et al.
Delaflotte S., Auguet M., DeFeudis F.V., Baranes J., Clostre F., Drieu K., Braquet P.: Endothelium-dependent relaxations of rabbit isolated aorta produced by carbachol and by Ginkgo biloba extract. Biomed. Biochiin. Acta, 1984, 43, 5212–5216.
Edvisson L.: Vascular autonomic nerves and corresponding receptor in brain vessels. Path. Biol., 1982, 30, 261–268.
Etienne A., Hecquet F., Clostre F., DeFeudis F.V.: Comparaison des effets d’un extrait de Ginkgo biloba et de la chlorpromazine sur la fragilité osmotique, in vitro, d’érythrocytes de rat. J. Pharmacol. (Paris), 1982, 13, 291–298.
Forsterman V., Neufang B.: The endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect of acetylcholine: characterization of the endothelial relaxing factor with inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1984, 103, 65–70.
Furchgott R.F., Zawadzki J.V.: The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetyl-choline. Nature, 1980, 288, 373–376.
Furchgott R.F.: The role of endothelium in the responses of vascular smooth muscle to drugs. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 1984, 24, 175–197.
Harik S.I.: Neurotransmitter receptors in cerebral microvessels. In: Neurotransmitters and the cerebral circulation. MacKenzie E.T., Seylaz J., Bes A. eds, Raven Press. New York, 1984, 1–9.
Herman A.G., Beetens J.R.: Effects of vasoactive substances on prostacycline synthesis. XV Bad Herrenalber angiologisches Gespräch 1983, 22–23 April, 83–87.
Keatinge W.R., Clare Harman M.: Local mechanisms controlling blood vessels. Academic Press inc, London, 1980.
Krahengühl B.: Vasodilatateurs dans les affections artérielles occlusives? Med. etHyg., 1982, 40, 171–172.
Larsen R.G., Dupeyron J.P., Boulu R.G.: Modèle d’ischémie cérébrale expérimentale par microsphères chez le rat. Etude de l’effet de deux extraits de Ginkgo biloba et du naftidrofuryl. Thérapie, 1978, 33, 651–660.
Lassen N.A.: The luxury-perfusion syndrome and its possible relation to acute metabolic acidosis localised within the brain. Lancet, 1966, 2, 1113–1115.
Le Poncin-Lafitte M., Rapin J., Rapin J.R.: Effect of Ginkgo biloba on changes induced by quantitative cerebral micro-embolization in rats. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 1980, 243, 236–244.
Morishita H.: Distribution and characterization of the adrenoceptors in dog coronary arteries. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 1979, 239, 195–207.
Mueller S.M., Heistad D.D., Marcus M.L.: Effect of the sympathetic nerves on cerebral vessels during seizures. Am. J. Physiol., 1979, 237, H178 - H184.
Osswald W., Guimaraes S.: Adrenergic mechanisms in blood vessels: morphological and pharmacological aspects. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1983, 96, 53–122.
Rapoport R.M., Murad F.: Endothelium-dependent and nitro-vasodilatorinduced relaxation of vascular smooth muscle: Role of cyclic GMP. J. Cyclic Nuc. Res., 1983, 9, 281–296.
Ruckstuhl M., Beretz A., Anton R., Landry Y.: Flavonoïds are selective cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Biochem. Pharmac., 1979, 28. 535–538.
Seylaz J.: Rôle du système nerveux autonome dans la régulation de la circulation sanguine cérébrale. Circ. et Métabolisme du Cerveau, 1985, 2, 115–132.
Spinnewyn B., Blavet N., Clostre F.: Effets du Ginkgo biloba sur l’ischémie cérébrale expérimentale chez la gerbille. Presse Méd., 1986, 15, 1511–1515.
Vanhoutte P.M., Miller U.M.: Heterogeneity of endothelium-dependent responses in mammalian blood vessels. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1985, 7, S 12 - S23.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Auguet, M., Delaflotte, S., Hellegouarch, A., Clostre, F. (1988). The Pharmacological Bases for the Vascular Impact of Ginkgo Biloba Extract. In: Fünfgeld, E.W. (eds) Rökan. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73686-5_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73686-5_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-19261-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73686-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive