Skip to main content

Natural Course and Spontaneous Remissions of Untreated Anxiety Disorders: Results of the Munich Follow-up Study (MFS)

  • Conference paper
Book cover Panic and Phobias 2

Abstract

Anxiety disorders obviously belong to the most frequent mental disorders both in the community (Robins et al. 1984; Myers et al. 1984; Lépine 1987; Marks 1987; Surtees et al. 1987; Wittchen et al. 1988; Wittchen and Burke, to be published) and in treatment settings (Goldberg 1982; Strian 1983; Marks 1987). They have also been studied extensively with regard to the effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatment methods. Little, however, is known about their natural course and the frequency of so-called spontaneous remissions in untreated anxiety disorders. This paper discusses some methodological reasons for this deficit and presents some new, still preliminary results on the natural course of untreated anxiety disorders from a general population survey.

This study is part of the Munich Follow-up Study (MFS). The MFS was supported by a grant from the Robert Bosch Foundation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). APA, (revised 1987 )

    Google Scholar 

  • Agras WS, Sylvester D, Oliveau D (1969) The epidemiology of common fear and phobia. Compr Psychiatry 10: 151–156

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agras WS, Chapin N, Oliveau DC (1972) The natural history of phobia: course and prognosis. Arch Gen Psychiat 26: 315–317

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Angst J, Dobler-Mikola A (1985) The Zurich study V: Anxiety and phobia in young adults. Eur Arch Psychiatr Neurol Sci 235: 171–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angst J, Dobler-Mikola A (1986) Assoziation und Depression auf syndromaler und diagnostischer Ebene. In: Heimchen H, Linden M (eds) Die Differenzierung von Angst und Depression. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow DH, DiNardo PA, Vermilyea BB, Vermilyea J, Blanchard E (1986) Comorbidity and depression among the anxiety disorders. J Nery Ment Dis 174: 63–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd JH, Burke JD, Gruenberg E (1984) Exclusion criteria of DSM-III. Arch Gen Psychiatr 41: 983–989

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Breier A, Charney DS, Heninger GR (1986) Agoraphobia with panic attacks. Development, diagnostic stability, and course of illness. Arch Gen Psychiat 43: 1029–1036

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Errera P, Coleman JV (1963) A long-term follow-up study of neurotic phobic patients in a psychiatric clinic. J Nery Ment Dis 136: 267–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck HJ (1960) The effects of psychotherapy: an evaluation. In: Eysenck HJ (ed) Handbook of abnormal psychology. Pitman, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg RJ (1982) Anxiety: A guide to biobehavioral diagnosis and therapy for physicians and mental health clinicians. Medical Examination, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand I, Wittchen HU (eds) (1986) Panic and phobias: empirical evidence of theoretical models and long-term effects of behavioral treatments. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand I, Angenendt J, Fischer M, Wilke C (1986) Exposure in vivo with panic management for agoraphobia: treatment rationale and long-term outcome. In: Hand I, Wittchen HU (eds) Panic and phobias: empirical evidence of theoretical models and long-term effects of behavioral treatments. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Heizer JE, Robins LN; McEvoy LT, Spitznagel EL, Stoltzman RK, Farmer A, Brockington IF (1985) A comparison of clinical and Diagnostic Interview Schedule diagnoses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42: 657–666

    Google Scholar 

  • Jablensky A (1985) Approaches to the definition and classification of anxiety and related disorders. In: Tuma AH, Maser JD (eds) Anxiety and the anxiety disorders. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Jablensky A, Hugler H (1982) Möglichkeiten und Grenzen psychiatrischer epidemiologischer Surveys für geographisch definierte Populationen in Europa. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 50: 215–239

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krieg JC, Bronisch T, Wittchen HU, von Zerssen D (1987) Anxiety disorders: a long-term prospective and retrospective follow-up study of former inpatients suffering from an anxiety neurosis or phobia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 76: 36–47

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lépine JP (1987) Epidßmiologie des attaques de panique et de l’ agoraphobie. In: Boulenger JP, (ed) L’ attaque de panique: un nouveau concept? Goureau, Chateau de Loir

    Google Scholar 

  • Lydiard RB, Ballenger JC (1987) Antidepressants in panic disorder and agoraphobia. J Affective Disord 13: 135–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marks IM (1987) Fears, phobias, and rituals: panic, anxiety, and their disorders. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks IM, Gelder MG (1965) A controlled retrospective study of behavior therapy in phobic patients. Br J Psychiatry III: 571–573

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks IM, Herst ER (1970) A survey of 1200 agoraphobics in Britain. Soc Psychiatry 5: 16–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews AM, Gelder MG, Johnston DW (1981) Agoraphobia: nature and treatment. Tavistock, London

    Google Scholar 

  • McPherson FM, Brougham L, McLaren S (1980) Maintenance of improvement in agoraphobic patients treated by behavioral methods: a four-year follow-up. Behav Res Ther 18: 620–627

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers JK, Weissman MM, Tischler GL, Holzer CE, Leaf PJ, Orvaschel H, Anthony JC, Boyd JH, Kramer M, Stoltzman R (1984) Six-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders in three communities. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42: 651–656

    Google Scholar 

  • Paykel ES, Weissman MM, Prusoff BA (1978) Social maladjustment and severity of depression. Compr Psychiatry 19: 121–128

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rachman S (1973) The effects of psychological treatment. In: Eysenck H (ed) Handbook of abnormal psychology. Basic Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Regier DA, Myers JK, Kramer M, Robins LN, Blazer DG, Hough RL, Eaton WW, Locke BZ (1984) The NIMH Epidemiological Catchment Area Program: historical context, major objectives and study population characteristics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41: 934–941

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reich J (1986) The epidemiology of anxiety. J Nery D 174: 129–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts AH (1964) Housebound housewives: a follow-up study of a phobic anxiety state. Br J Psychiatry 110: 191–197

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robins LN, Heizer JE, Croughan J, Ratcliff KS (1981) National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: its history, characteristics and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 38: 381–389

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robins LN, Heizer JE, Weissman MM, Orvaschel H, Gruenberg E, Burke JD, Regier DA (1984) Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41: 949–958

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Semler G, Wittchen H-U, Joschke K, Zaudig M, von Geiso T, Kaisre S, von Cranach M, Pfister H (1987) Test-retest reliability of standardized psychiatric interview (DIS/CIDI). Eur Arch Psychiatr Neurol Sci 236: 214–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheehan DV (1987) Benzodiazepines in panic disorder and agoraphobia. J Affective Disord 13: 169–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Fleiss L (1978) The global assessment scale: a procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiat 33: 766–771

    Google Scholar 

  • Strian F (1983) Angst: Grundlagen and Klinik. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Surtees PG, Sashidharan SP, Dean C (1987) Affective disorders amongst women in the general population: a longitudinal study. Br J Psychiatry 148: 176–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weissman MM, Leaf PS, Blazer DG, Boyd SH, Florio L (1986) The relationship between panic disorder and agoraphobia: An epidemiological perspective. Psychopharmacology Bulletin

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen HU (1986) Epidemiology of panic attacks and panic disorders. In: Hand I, Wittchen HU (eds) Panic and phobias I. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen HU (1988) Zum Spontanverlauf unbehandelter Fälle mit Angststörungen und Depressionen. In: Wittchen HU, von Zerssen D (eds) Verläufe behandelter und unbehandelter Depressionen und Angststörungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen HU, Burke JD (to be published) DIS/DSM-III prevalence rates of mental disorders in the US and Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen HU, von Zerssen D, Ellmann R, Möller HJ (1983) Der Verlauf behandelter und unbehandelter psychischer Störungen: Methodik und erste Ergebnisse. In: Kommer D, Röhrle B (eds) Gemeindepsychologische Perspektiven (Cologne) 3: 118–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen HU, von Zerssen D (1988) Verlufe behandelter und unbehandelter Depressionen und Angststrungen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen HU, Semler G, von Zerssen D (1985) A comparison of two diagnostic methods: clinical ICD diagnoses vs DSM-III and Research Diagnostic Criteria using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (Version 2). Arch Gen Psychiatry 42: 677–684

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen HU, Hecht H, Zaudig M, Vogl G, Semler G, Pfister H (1988) Häufigkeit und Schwere psychischer Störungen in der Bevölkerung: eine epidemiologische Feldstudie.In: Wittchen HU, von Zerssen D (eds) Verläufe behandelter und unbehandelter Depressionen und Angststörungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Wittchen, HU. (1988). Natural Course and Spontaneous Remissions of Untreated Anxiety Disorders: Results of the Munich Follow-up Study (MFS). In: Hand, I., Wittchen, HU. (eds) Panic and Phobias 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73543-1_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73543-1_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73545-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73543-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics