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Ereignisbezogene Potentiale, Aufmerksamkeit und motorische Aktion

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Hirnorganische Psychosyndrome im Alter II

Zusammenfassung

Das EEG ist die zur Zeit wichtigste nicht-invasive Methode zur Untersuchung der kortikalen, räumlich-zeitlichen Aktivitätsmuster bei perzeptiven, motorischen und kognitiven Prozessen des Menschen.1 Von besonderer Bedeutung sind hier Untersuchungen in der Zeitdomäne: ereignisbezogene Änderungen der EEG-Spontanaktivität (z.B. Alpha-Attenuierungsreaktionen; s. Grünewald et al. (1980) und EPs. Die Darstellung wird sich im folgenden auf die letzteren beschränken. EPs bestehen aus einer Sequenz von positiven und negativen Potentialdeflektionen meist geringer Amplitude, die einem in der Zeit exakt definierten Ereignis (z. B. Beginn einer sensorischen Stimulation oder motorischen Aktion) folgen oder vorausgehen. Ihr Zeitverlauf reicht von wenigen Millisekunden bis zu einigen Sekunden. Eine Methode zur Erkennung der EPs im meist höheramplitudigen Hintergrunds-EEG ist bekanntlich die Verbesserung des Signal-Rausch-Verhältnisses durch Mittelungstechniken. Die Potentialform eines EP setzt sich im allgemeinen aus in der Zeit überlappenden Beiträgen verschiedener zerebraler Generatorprozesse zusammen. Ziel der Untersuchung ist die Identifizierung dieser Potential-‚Komponenten‘(durch experimentelle Bedingungsvariationen und statistische Verfahren) und die Ermittlung ihrer funktionellen Signifikanz. Heuristisch können zwei Hauptklassen von EP-Komponenten unterschieden werden: exogene und endogene Komponeten (Donchin et al. 1978; Galambos u. Hillyard 1981). Erstere sind obligatorische Antworten kurzer Latenz auf eine sensorische Stimulation. Sie zeigen eine äußerst geringe intra- und meist auch interindividuelle Variabilität und bleiben relativ un beeinflußt durch psychophysiologische Zustandsänderungen.

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Authors
  1. G. Grünewald
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  2. E. Grünewald-Zuberbier
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Psychophysiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Eschenallee 3, D-1000, Berlin 19, Deutschland

    Dieter Bente

  2. Institut für Neuropsychopharmakologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Ulmenallee 30, D-1000, Berlin 19, Deutschland

    Helmut Coper

  3. Institut für Gerontopsychiatrie, Freie Universität Berlin, Reichsstraße 15, D-1000, Berlin 19, Deutschland

    Siegfried Kanowski

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© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Grünewald, G., Grünewald-Zuberbier, E. (1985). Ereignisbezogene Potentiale, Aufmerksamkeit und motorische Aktion. In: Bente, D., Coper, H., Kanowski, S. (eds) Hirnorganische Psychosyndrome im Alter II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70354-6_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70354-6_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-15310-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-70354-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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