Abstract
The model of personality described in previous chapters assumes stable traits which are genetically and constitutionally determined to some extent and which have a wide range of applications to behaviour in social situations. It has been the interest of previous authors to demonstrate that (and investigate the extent to which) major personality dimensions are rooted in individual biology; the purpose of this chapter is to give some indication of the areas of social psychology in which personality constructs have proved to be relevant and important. In no way does this exercise deny that there are culturally determined patterns of social behaviour or that the social behaviour manifested by an individual at any given occasion is also influenced by the situation pertaining at the time. These factors are clearly also important in social behaviour, but for the present purpose these sources of variation will be largely set aside (i.e. treated as constant or as random error sources) in favour of a study of the role of indiviudal differences in temperament in the determination of significant social behaviours.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allsopp JF, Feldman MP (1976) Personality and anti-social behaviour in schoolboys. Br J Criminol 16:337–351
Anthony WS (1977) The development of extraversion and ability: an analysis of Rushton’s longitudinal data. Br J Educ Psychol 47:193–196
Arora M, Murthy VN (1975) Cognitive style and personality. Ind J Clin Psychol 2:39–44
Bartol CR (1975) Extraversion and neuroticism and nicotine, caffeine, and drug intake. Psychol Rep 36:1007–1010
Beaubrun M, Knight F (1973) Psychiatric assessment of 30 chronic users of cannabis and 30 matched controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 130:309–311
Bendig AW (1963) The relation of temperamental traits of social extraversion and emotionality to vocational interests. J Gen Psychol 69:311–318
Bentler PM, Newcomb D (1979) A longitudinal study of marital success and failure. In: Cook M, Wilson GD (eds) Love and attraction. Pergamon, Oxford, p 189–194
Blunt P (1978) Personality characteristics of a group of white South African managers: some implications for placement procedures. Int J Psychol 13:139–146
Borden RJ, Francis JL (1978) Who cares about ecology? Personality and sex differences in environmental concern. J Pers 46:190–203
Brown SR, Hendrick C (1971) Introversion, extra-version and social perception. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 10:313–319
Campbell A, Rushton JP (1978) Bodily communication and personality. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 17:31–36
Carment DW, Miles CG, Cervin VB (1965) Persuasiveness and persuasibility as related to intelligence and extraversion. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 4:1–7
Cegalis J A, Leen D (1977) Individual differences in responses to induced perceptual conflict. Percept Mot Skills 44:991–998
Claridge GS (1970) Drugs and human behavior Lane, London
Coan RW (1973) Personality factors associated with cigarette smoking. J Pers Soc Psychol 26:86–104
Cunningham MR (1977) Personality and the structure of non-verbal communication of emotion. J Pers 45:564–584
Daly S (1978) Behavioural correlates of social anxiety. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 17:117–120
Davidson WB, House WJ (1978) On the relationship between reflection-impulsivity and field-dependence independence. Percept Mot Skills 47:306
De Julio S, Duffy K (1974) Neuroticism and pro-xemic behaviour. Percept Mot Skills 45:51–55
Di Scipio WJ (1971) Divergent thinking: A complex function of interacting dimensions of extraversion-introversion and neuroticism stability. Br J Psychol 62:545–550
Di Loreto AO (1971) Comparative Psychotherapy: An Experimental Analysis. Aldine-Atherton
Doyle J A (1976 a) Field-dependent introverts, extraverts, and psychological health. Percept Mot Skills 42:196
Doyle J A (1976 b) Self-actualization, neuroticism and extraversion revisited. Psychol Rep 39:1081–1082
Duckworth DH (1975) Personality, emotional state and perception of nonverbal communications. Percept Mot Skills 40:325–326
Eaves LJ, Eysenck HJ (1974) Genetics and the development of social attitudes. Nature 249:288–299
Eysenck HJ (1954) The psychology of politics. Routledge & Paul, London
Eysenck HJ (1967) Personality patterns in various groups of businessmen. Occup Psychol 41:249–250
Eysenck HJ (1970) A dimensional system of psychodiagnostics. In: Mahrer AH (ed) New approaches to personality classification. Columbia University, New York, Book Chapter 169–207
Eysenck HJ (1971) Readings in extra version-introversion II: Fields of application. Staples, London
Eysenck HJ (1976) Sex and personality. Open Books, London
Eysenck HJ (1977) Crime and personality, 2nd edn. Routledge & Paul, London
Eysenck HJ, Cookson D (1969) Personality in primary schoolchildren. I. Ability and achievement. Br J Educ Psychol 39:109–122
Eysenck HJ, Eysenck SBG (1977) Manual for the EPI (French edition). Centre for Applied Psychology, London
Eysenck HJ, Eysenck SBG (1980) Culture and personality abnormalities. In: AI Issa I (ed) Culture and psychopathology. University Park Press, New York
Eysenck HJ, Furneaux WD (1945) Primary and secondary suggestibility: An experimental and statistical study. J Exp Psychol 35:455–503
Eysenck HJ, Wilson GD (1976) Know your own personality. Penguin, New York
Eysenck HJ, Wilson GD (eds) (1978) The psychological basis of ideology. MTP Press, Lancaster
Eysenck HJ, Wilson GD (1979) The psychology of sex. Dent, London
Eysenck SBG, Adelaja O, Eysenck HJ (1977) A comparative study of personality in Nigerian and English subjects. J Soc Psychol 102:171–178
Eysenck SBG, Eysenck HJ (1970) Crime and personality: An empirical study of the three-factor theory. Br J Criminol 10:225–239
Eysenck SBG, Eysenck HJ (1971) Crime and personality: Item analysis of questionnaire responses. Br J Criminol 11:49–62
Eysenck SBG, Eysenck HJ (1977) Personality differences between prisoners and controls. Psychol Rep 40:1023–1028
Eysenck SBG, Rust J, Eysenck HJ (1977) Personality and the classification of adult offenders. Br J Criminol 17:169–179
Fagerström KO, Lisper HO (1977) Effects of listening to car radio, experience, and personality of the driver on subsidiary reaction time and heart rate in a long-term driving task. In: RR Mackie (ed) Vigilance. Plenum, New York, Book Chapter 73–86
Farkas GM, Sine LF, Evans IM (1978) Personality, sexuality, and demographic differences between volunteers and non-volunteers for a laboratory study of male sexual behaviour. Arch Sex Behav 7:513–520
Farley FH (1975) Birth-order and a two-dimensional assessment of personality. J Pers Assess 39:151–153
Fine BJ, Danforth AV (1975) Field-dependence, extraversion and perception of the vertical: Empirical and theoretical perspectives of the Rod-and-Frame Test. Percept Mot Skills 40:683–693
Gelder MG, Marks IM, Wolff HH (1967) Desensitization and psychotherapy in the treatment of phobic states: a controlled inquiry. Br J Psychiatry 113:53–73
Gibson HB, Corcoran ME (1975) Personality and differential susceptibility to hypnosis: Further replication and sex differences. Br J Psychol 66:513–520
Gibson HB, Curran JD (1974) Hypnotic susceptibility and personality: A replication study. Br J Psychol 65:283–291
Gibson HB, Corcoran ME, Curran JD (1977) Hypnotic susceptibility and personality: The consequences of diazepam and the sex of the subjects. Br J Psychol 68:51–59
Goh DS, Moore C (1978) Personality and academic achievement in three educational levels. Psychol Rep 43:71–79
Gosselin C, Wilson GD (1980) Sexual variations: Fetishism sadomasochism and transvestism. Faber & Faber, London
Gossop MR (1978) A comparative study of oral and intravenous drug-dependent patients on three dimensions of personality. Int J Addict 13:135–142
Gray J A (1972) The psychophysiological nature of intro version-extra version: A modification of Eysenck’s theory. In: Nebilitsyn VD, Gray JA (eds) Biological bases of individual behaviour. Academic Press, New York, Book Chapter 182–205
Gullick EL, Sutker PB, Adams HE (1976) Delay of information in paired-associate learning among incarcerated groups of sociopaths and heroin addicts. Psychol Rep 38:143–151
Gupta BS (1976) Extraversion and reinforcement in verbal operant conditioning. Br J Psychol 67:47–52
Hallam RS (1976) The Eysenck personality scales: stability and change after therapy. Behav Res Ther 14:369–372
Hendrick C, Brown SR (1971) Introversion, extra-version and interpersonal attraction. J Pers Soc Psychol 20:31–36
Henney AS (1975) Personality characteristics of a group of industrial managers. J Occup Psychol 48:65–67
Heskin KJ, Smith FV, Banister PA, Belton N (1973) Psychological correlates of long term imprisonment II: Personality variables. Br J Criminol 13:323–330
Hilgard ER, Bentler PM (1963) Predicting hypnotizability from the Maudsley personality inventory. Br J Psychol 54:63–69
Hockey GRJ (1972) Effects of noise on human efficiency and some individual differences. J Sound Vib 20:299–304
Horn JM, Turner RG, Davis LS (1975) Personality differences between both intended and actual social sciences and engineering majors. Br J Educ Psychol 45:293–298
Horowitz TA, Rothschild BH (1970) Conformity as a function of deception and role playing. J Pers Soc Psychol 14:224–226
Horowitz MJ, Duff DF, Stratton LO (1964) Body-buffer zone. Arch Gen Psychiatry 11:651–656
Howells K, Wright E (1978) The sexual attitudes of aggressive sexual offenders. Br J Criminol 18:170–174
Ingham JG (1966) Change in MPI scores in neurotic patients: a three-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry 112:931–939
Irfani S (1977) Eysenck’s extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism inventory in Turkey. Psychol Rep 41:1231–1234
Irfani S (1978a) Extraversion-introversion and self-rated academic success. Psychol Rep 43:508–510
Irfani S (1978 b) Personality correlates of suicidal tendency among Iranian and Turkish students. J Psychol 99:151–153
Iwawaki S, Eysenck SBG, Eysenck HJ (1977) Differences in personality between Japanese and English. J Soc Psychol 102:27–33
Jessup G, Jessup H (1971) Validity of the Eysenck personality inventory in pilot selection. Occup Psychol 45:11–123
Jurkovic GJ, Prentice NM (1977) Relation of moral and cognitive development to dimensions of juvenile delinquency. J Abnorm Psychol 86:414–420
Kammeier ML, Hoffmann H, Loper RG (1973) Personality characteristics of alcoholics as college freshman and at time of treatment. Quart J Stud Alcohol 34:390–399
Kendon A, Cook M (1969) The consistency of gaze patterns in social interaction. Br J Psychol 60:481–494
Kilmann RH, Thomas KW (1975) Interpersonal conflict-handling behaviour as reflections of Jungian personality dimensions. Psychol Rep 37:971–980
Kinzel AF (1970) Body-buffer zone in violent prisoners. Am J Psych 127:59–64
Kirkegaard-Sorenson L, Mednick SA (1975) Registered criminality in families with children at high risk for schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol 84:197–204
Kokosh J (1976) Psychology of the Scientist XXXIV. MMPI characteristics of physical and social science students: Replication and reanalysis. Psychol Rep 39:1067–1071
Leipold WD (1963) Psychological distance in a dyadic interview as a function of introversion-extraversion, anxiety, social desirability and stress. Doctoral dissertation, University of N. Dakota
Leith GOM (1973) The effects of extraversion and methods of programmed instruction on achievement. Educ Res 15:150–153
Leith GOM (1974) Individual differences in learning: interactions of personality and teaching methods. Association of Educational Psychologists Conference, London
Lewine RRJ, Watt NF, Prentky RA, Fryer JH (1978) Childhood behaviour in schizophrenia, personality disorder, depression and neurosis. Br J Psychiatry 132:347–357
Lippa R (1976) Expressive control and the leakage of dispositional introversion-extraversion during role-played teaching. J Pers 44:541–559
Lippa R (1978) Expressive control, expressive consistency, and the correspondence between expressive behaviour and personality. J Pers 46:438–461
Loo R (1976) Field dependence and the Eysenck personality inventory. Percept Mot Skills 43:614
Loo R (1978) Field dependence and Eysenck’s neuroticism scale. Percept Mot Skills 47:522
Loo R, Townsend PJ (1977) Components underlying the relation between field-dependence and extra-version. Percept Mot Skills 45:528–530
Lott D, Sommer R (1967) Seating arrangements and status. J Pers Soc Psychol 7:90–95
Lowenstein LF (1978) Who is the bully? Bull Br Psychol Soc 31:147–149
Lynn R (1969) Personality characteristics of a group of entrepreneurs. Occup Psychol 43:151–152
Lynn R, Hampson SL (1975) National differences in extraversion and neuroticism. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 14:223–240
Lynn R, Hampson SL (1977) Fluctuations in national levels of neuroticism and extraversion, 1935–1970. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 16:131–137
Maclean ME (1977) Chronic welfare dependency: A multivariate analysis of personality factors. Multivar Exp Clin Res 3:83–93
Mann RD (1959) A review of the relationships between personality and performance in small groups. Psychol Bull 56:241–270
Martin RB, Moltmann ML (1977) Extraversion and neuroticism in chronic residents of a state hospital. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 8:11–14
Mathews AM, Johnston DW, Shaw PM, Gelder MG (1974) Process variables and the prediction of outcome in behaviour therapy. Br J Psychiatry 125:256–264
McCormick K, Baer DJ (1975) Birth order, sex of subject and sex of sibling as factors in extraversion and neuroticism in two-child families. Psychol Rep 37:259–261
Mehryar AH, Hekmat H, Khajavi F (1975) Some personality correlates of self-rated academic success. Percept Mot Skills 40:1007–1010
Mehryar AH, Hekmat H, Khajavi F (1977) Some personality correlates of contemplated suicide. Psychol Rep 40:1291–1294
Meisels M, Canter FM (1970) Personal space and personality characteristics: A non-confirmation. Psychol Rep 27:289–290
Mendhiratta SS, Wig NN, Verma SK (1978) Some psychological correlates of long-term heavy cannabis users. Br J Psychiatry 132:482–486
Messer SC (1976) Reflection-impulsivity: a review. Psychol Bull 83:1026–1052
Mobbs NA (1968) Eye contact in relation to social introversion/extraversion. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 7:305–306
Mohan V, Kumar D (1973) Qualitative analysis of the performance of introverts and extraverts on the Standard Progressive Matrices. Paper read at Diamond Jubilee Session of Indian Science Congress. Chandigarh, India
Mohan J, Mohan V (1965) Personality and variability in esthetic evaluation. Psychol Stud 10:57–60
Moss PD, McEvedy CP (1966) An epidemic of over-breathing among schoolgirls. Br Med J 26:1295–1300
Nias DKB (1977 a) Husband-wife similarities. Soc Sci 52:206–221
Nias DKB (1977 b) The structuring of recreational interests. Soc Behav Pers 5:383–388
Nias DKB (1979) The classification and correlates of children’s academic and recreational interests. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 20:73–79
Nias DKB, Hardy CA (1971) Predictors of success in learning to swim. Br J Phys Educ 2:25–27
Norman RMG, Watson LD (1976) Extraversion and reactions to cognitive inconsistency. J Res Pers 10:446–456
Orford J (1976) A study of the personalities of excessive drinkers and their wives, using the approaches of Leary and Eysenck. J Consult Clin Psychol 44:534–545
Organ DW (1975) Extraversion, locus of control and individual differences in conditionability in organisations. J Appl Psychol 60:401–404
Pallis DJ, Jenkins JS (1977) Extraversion, neuroticism and intent in attempted suicides. Psychol Rep 41:19–22
Panek RE (1962) Relation between autokinesis and introversion-extraversion. J Consult Psychol 26:477
Patterson M, Holmes DS (1966) Social interaction, correlates of the MPI extraversion-introversion scale. Am Psychol 21:724–725
Patterson ML (1976) An arousal model of interpersonal intimacy. Psychol Rev 83:235–245
Paykel ES, Klerman GL, Prusoff BA (1976) Personality and symptom pattern in depression. Br J Psychiatry 129:327–334
Pellegrini RJ, Empey J (1970) Interpersonal spatial orientation in dyads. J Psychol 76:67–70
Porter E, Argyle M, Salter V (1970) What is signalled by proximity? Percept Mot Skills 30: 39–42
Powell GE, Stewart RA (1978) The relationship of age, sex and personality to social attitudes in children aged 8–15 years. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 17:307–317
Raj JB, Rao BNP (1970) Some personality characteristics of stutterers. J All India Inst Speech Hearing 1:1–7
Ramsay RW (1968) Speech patterns and personality. Language Speech 2:54—63
Revelle W, Amaral P, Turriff S (1976) Introversion/extra version, time stress, and caffeine: Effect on verbal performance. Science 192:149–150
Reynolds C, Nichols R (1976) Personality and behavioural correlates of cigarette smoking. Psychol Rep 38:251–258
Rim Y (1977 a) Personality variables and interruptions in small group discussion. Eur J Soc Psychol 7:247–251
Rim Y (1977 b) Significance of work and personality. J Occup Psychol 50:135–138
Rim Y, Seidenross H (1971) Personality and response to pressure from peers versus adults. Personality 2:35–43
Rutter DR, Stephenson GM (1972) Visual interaction in a group of schizophrenic and depressive patients. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 11:57–65
Rutter DR, Morley IE, Graham JC (1972) Visual interaction in a group of introverts and extraverts. Eur J Soc Psychol 2:371–384
Saklofske DH (1977) Personality and behaviour problems of schoolboys. Psychol Rep 41:445–446
Savage RD (1972) An exploratory study of individual characteristics associated with attainment in medical school. Br J Med Educ 6:68–77
Saviano C, Taylor M, Fensterheim H (1971) Sociopathy, extraversion, and social class. In: Rubin RD (eds) Advances in behaviour therapy. Academic Press, New York, Book Chapter 229–248
Schachter S (1959) The psychology of affiliation. Stanford University Press
Stanford Schmidt RT (1975) Personality and fainting. J Psychosom Res 19:21–25
Sewell AF, Heisler JT (1973) Personality correlates of proximity preferences. J Psychol 85:151–155
Shadbolt DR (1978) Interactive relationships between measured personality and teaching strategy variables. Br J Educ Psychol 48:227–231
Shapiro KJ, Alexander IE (1969) Extraversion-introversion, affiliation and anxiety. J Pers 37:387–406
Shaw L, Sichel H (1970) Accident proneness. Pergamon, Oxford
Siddiqui JA, Haara A, Schnabel W (1973) Conservative policemen, even more conservative prisoners: A factor-analytical investigation using Wilson and Patterson’s Conservatism scale. Psychol Beitr 15:106–118
Simmons DD (1976) Personal values and Eysenck’s two basic personality factors. Psychol Rep 38:912–914
Sinha AKP, Ojha H (1963) An experimental study of the operation of prestige suggestions in extraverts and introverts. J Soc Psychol 61:29–34
Sloane RB, Staples FR, Cristol AH, Yorkston NJ, Whipple K (1976) Patient characteristics and outcome in psychotherapy and behaviour therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol 44:330–339
Smith J A (1974) A personality study of two groups of school non-attenders. Master’s thesis, University of Glasgow
Stern H, Grosz HJ (1966) Verbal interactions in group psychotherapy between patients with similar and dissimilar personalities. Psychol Rep 7:1111–1114
Taft R (1967) Extraversion, neuroticism, and expressive behaviour: An application of Wallach’s moderator effect to handwriting analysis. J Pers 35:570–584
Tapasak RC, Roodin PA, Vaught GM (1978) Effects of extraversion, anxiety and sex on children’s verbal fluency and coding task performance. J Psychol 100:49–55
Tolor A (1975) Effects of procedural variations in measuring interpersonal distance by means of representational space. Psychol Rep 36:475–491
Trown EA, Leith GOM (1975) Decision rules for teaching strategies in primary schools: personality-treatment interactions. Br J Educ Psychol 45:130–140
Turnbull A A (1976) Selling and the salesman: prediction of success and personality change. Psychol Rep 38:1175–1180
Vaughan GM, Cattell RB (1976) Personality differences between young New Zealanders and Americans. J Soc Psychol 99:3–12
Verenis JS (1970) Inhibiton of humour enjoyment: Effects of sexual content and introversion-extra-version. Psychol Rep 26:167–170
Vestewig RE (1977) Extraversion and risk preference in portfolio theory. J Psychol 97:237–245
Vingoe FJ, Antonoff SR (1968) Personality characteristics of good judges of others. J Counsel Psychol 15:91–93
Wakefield J A (1979) Using personality to individualize instruction. Edits, San Diego
Wakefield JA, Yom BL, Bradley PE, Doughtie EB, Cox JA (1974) Eysenck’s personality dimensions: A model for the MMPI. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 13:413–420
Walsh DM, Walsh MD (1978) Relationship between extraversion and neuroticism and intelligence for students in grade nine English and mathematics. Psychol Rep 43:15–19
Wankowski JA (1973) Temperament, motivation and academic achievement. University of Birmingham Educational Survey and Counselling Unit
Watkins D (1976) Sex differences among correlates of extraversion and neuroticism. Psychol Rep 38:695–698
Wells BWP, Stacey BG (1976) Social and psychological features of young drug misusers. Br J Addict 71:243–251
Williams JL (1963) Personal space in relation to extraversion-introversion. Master’s thesis, University of Alberta
Williams JL (1971) Personal space and its relation to extraversion-introversion. Can J Behav Sci 3:156–160
Williams JL (1974) An analysis of gaze in schizophrenics. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 13:1–8
Wilson GD (1977) Introversion-extraversion. In: Blass T (ed) Personality and social behaviour. Erlbaum, Springfield, Book chapter 179–218
Wilson GD, Brazendale AH (1973) Social attitude correlates of Eysenck’s personality dimensions. Soc Behav Pers 1:115–118
Wilson GD, Gregson RAM (1967) Effects of illumination on the perceived intensity of acid tastes. Austr J Psychol. 19:69–73
Wilson GD, Maclean A (1974) Personality, attitudes and humour preferences of prisoners and controls. Psychol Rep 34:847–854
Wilson GD, Nias DKB (1976) Love’s mysteries: The psychology of sexual attraction. Open Books, London
Woodman DD, Hinton JW, O’Neill MT (1977 a) Relationship between violence and catecholamines. Percept Mot Skills 45:593–594
Woodman DD, Hinton JW, O’Neill MT (1977b) Abnormality of catecholamine balance relating to social deviance. Percept Mot Skills 45:702
Woody E, Claridge G (1977) Psychoticism and thinking. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 16:241–248
Young RJ, Ismail AH (1978) Ability of biochemical and personality variables in discriminating between high and low fitness levels. J Psychosom Res 22:193–199
Zajonc RB (1965) Social facilitation. Science 14:269–274
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wilson, G.D. (1981). Personality and Social Behaviour. In: Eysenck, H.J. (eds) A Model for Personality. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67783-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67783-0_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-67785-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-67783-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive