Skip to main content

Ion Exchange Membranes

  • Chapter
Seawater and Desalting

Abstract

Methods of preparing cation- and anion-exchange membranes with low areal resistances were developed for use in lower cost desalination of seawater. Membranes of both types were prepared having the desired resistance of 1 Ω . cm or less. Preparation involved using reinforcements to strengthen polymer compositions. In 1 N sodium choloride the best experimental cation-exchange membranes that could be made consistently had transference numbers of 0.76 to 0.79, compared to commercial membranes with a range of about 0.85 to 0.87, The best experimental anion-exchange membranes had transference numbers of 0.90, the same as commercially available membranes [1].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature to 3C

  1. Southern Research Institute (NTIS Rept. PB-288391/6GA [1978] 53p)

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. Tabaddor, F. Fazilate, R. Gouloubandi (J. Radiat. Curing 5, No 4 [1978] 17/22.-C.A. 90 [1979] 187754)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. M.P. Blinova, E.E. Ergozhin, E. Zh. Menligaziev (Izv. Akad. Nauk Kaz. SSR, Ser. Khim. 28, No.2 [1978] 82/84 29, No 1 [1979] 19/23-C.A. 89 [1978] 9051690, [1979] 152894).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. E.E. Ergozhin, T. Chukenova, E.Zh. Menligaziev (Izv, Akad. Nauk Kaz. SSR. Ser. Khim. 29, No 1 [1979] 69/71-C.A. 90 [1979] 169379).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. T. Saegusa, A. Yamada, S. Kobayashi, S. Yamashita (J. Appl. Pol. Sci. 23 [1979] 2343/2353)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. N.D. Rozenblyum, L.L. Koeherginskaya, V.P. Baranov, L.G. Zhitkova, I.V. Smirnova, E.V. Burmakina, K.V. Bazenkova (Plast. Massy No. 4 [1979] 13/15.- C.A. 90 [1979] 204939)

    Google Scholar 

  7. A.S. Tevlina, T.P. Akulova, A.M. Ivankin (Plast. Massy No 9 [l978] 31/32.- C.A. 89 [1978] 216231)

    Google Scholar 

  8. J. Ceynowa (Polymer 19, No 1 [1978] 73/76)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. T. Sata, R. Izuo (Colloid Polym. Sci. 256 [1978] 757/769.- C.A. 89 [1978] 164582)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. C.C. Gryte, J. Chen, V. Kevorkian, H.P. Gregor (J. Appl. Pol. Sci. 23 [1979] 2611/2625)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M.L.- Srivastava, S.N. Lai (Colloid Polym. Sci. 257 [1979] 427/430)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Inenaga, H. Kimizuka (Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ., Ser C, 11 [1979] 261/264.- C.A. 90 [1979] 157483)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. C. Heitner-Wirguin, D. Hall (J. Mem. Sci. 5 [1979] 1/14)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. V.D. Volgin, F. Ya. Shmidel, Yu. E. Sinyak, S.V. Chizhor (Teor. Osn. Khim. Tekhnol. 13, No 1 [1979] 114/116.- C.A. 90 [1979] 210591)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. G.Z. Nefedova, Z.V. Klimova, A.B. Pashkov, K.P. Brande, L.I. Skakal’skaya, M.M. Zhatkina, N.A. Titova, G.D. Bazikova, Yu. G. Freidlin, M.A. Zhukov (Nauch. Tr. Kuban. Un-t 232 No 2 [1977] 3/15)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. H. Ihara (Kogyo Yosui 239 [1978] 18/23)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. N.I. Men’shakova, I.I. Krishtalik, V.L. Kubasov (Gov. Electrochem. 14 [1978] 293/297)

    Google Scholar 

  18. V.P. Greben, N. Ya. Pivovarov, N.Ya. Kovarskii, G.Z. Nefedova (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 52 [1978] 2641/2645.- C.A. 90 [1979] 92978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. N.I. Nikolaev, A.S. Tevlina, V.V. Korshak, G.G. Chuvileva, V.P. Demin, I.A. Semenova (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 52 [1979] 2700.- C.A. 90 [1979] 72719)

    Google Scholar 

  20. V.D. Grebenyak, T.D. Gudrit, S.V. Grechko, R.D. Chebotareva, V.I. Pisaruk, N.M. Gukova, T.V. Kuznetsova (Teoriya i Praktika Sorbtsion Protsessov No 12 [1978] 96/103)

    Google Scholar 

  21. I. Kreja, W. Grochowski (Inz. Chem. 8 [1978] 561/566)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. S.R. Seharay, A.S. Basu (Indian J. Technol. 16, No 3 [1978] 102/104.- C.A. 89 [1978] 221458)

    Google Scholar 

  23. H.L. Yeager, B. Kipling (J. Phys. Chem. 83 [1979] 1836/1839.- C.A. 91 [1979] 57899)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. F.G. Will (J. Electrochem. Soc. 126, No 1 [1979] 36/43)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. T.C. Huang, P.H. Lian (I.E.C. Fundam. 18 [1979] 221/226.- C.A. 91 [1979] 59426)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Nagasawa, T. Fujimoto, S. Imai, H. Yokoyama (Jap. 77.88.595, 25 Jul 1977.- C.A. 89 [1978] 7022)

    Google Scholar 

  27. H. Ukihashi, T. Asawa, M. Yamabe, H. Miyake (Jap. 77.116.790, 30 Sep.1977.- C.A. 89 [1978] 111658)

    Google Scholar 

  28. M. Seko, Y. Yamagoe, K. Miyauchi, K. Kimoto, T. Hane, M. Fukumoto (Jap. 77.120. 983, 11 Oct 1977.- C.A. 89 [1978] 44783)

    Google Scholar 

  29. T. Gunjima, M. Yamabe, M. Motoki (Jap. 77.144.388, 1 Dec 1977.-C.A. 88 [1978] 137619)

    Google Scholar 

  30. K. Yamaguchi, H. Harada (Jap. 77.149.287, 12 Dec 1977.- C.A. 88 [l978] 137385)

    Google Scholar 

  31. H. Ukihashi, T. Asawa, M. Yamabe, H. Miyake (Jap. 77.150.792, 14 Dec 1977.- C.A. 89 [1978] 111711)

    Google Scholar 

  32. I. Kiyota, K. Takahashi, S. Asami, A. Shimizu (Jap. 78.04.786, 17 Jan 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 111668)

    Google Scholar 

  33. K. Kimoto, M. Seko, Y. Yamakoshi, H. Miyauchi, M. Fukumoto, S. Yokoyama, S. Tsushima, I. Watanabe (Jap. 78.15.282, 10 Feb 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 44789)

    Google Scholar 

  34. T. Sata, A. Nakahara, Y. Murata, S. Murakami, J. Ito (Jap 78.22.580, 2 Mar 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 25638)

    Google Scholar 

  35. T. Sata, A. Nakahara, Y. Murata, S. Murakami, J. Ito (Jap 78.26.285, 10 Mar 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 25654)

    Google Scholar 

  36. T. Kiyota, K. Takahashi, S. Asami, A. Shimizu (Jap. 78.29.290, 18 Mar 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 7338)

    Google Scholar 

  37. K. Takahashi, T. Kiyota, S. Asami, A. Shimizu (Jap. 78.29.291, 18 Mar 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 44807)

    Google Scholar 

  38. N. Murayama, T. Sakagami, M. Fukuda, S. Suzuki (Jap. 78.46.489, 26 Apr 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 90835)

    Google Scholar 

  39. N. Murayama, T. Sakagami, M. Fukuda, S. Suzuki (Jap. 78.61.579, 2 Jun 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 147868)

    Google Scholar 

  40. T. Seida K. Takahashi, S. Asami, A. Shimizu (Jap. 78.70.090, 22 Jun 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 164409)

    Google Scholar 

  41. M. Hamada, M. Seko, Y. Yamagoe, H. Miyauchi, F. Yarnamoto (Jap. 78.73.484, 29 Jun 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 147602)

    Google Scholar 

  42. H. Harada (Jap. 78.79.781, 14 Jul 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 164377)

    Google Scholar 

  43. T. Hane, Y. Yamagoshi, K. Miyauchi, K. Kimoto (Jap. 78.82.684, 21 Jul 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 147829)

    Google Scholar 

  44. M. Seko, Y. Yamagoshi, H. Miyauchi, Y. Kimoto (Jap. 78.94.289, 18 Aug 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 24414)

    Google Scholar 

  45. K. Takahashi, T. Seida, S. Asami, A. Shimizu (Jap. 78.97.988, 26 Aug 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 104857)

    Google Scholar 

  46. M. Tamaru (Jap. 78.103.989, 9 Sep 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 216296)

    Google Scholar 

  47. N. Kuramoto, H. Matsui, Y. Kakihara, S. Matsuura (Jap.78.110.976, 28 Sep 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 39847)

    Google Scholar 

  48. M. Seko, Y. Yamagoshi, H. Miyauchi, M. Fukumoto, K. Kimoto, T. Hane, M. Hamada (Jap. 78.116.287, 11 Oct 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 104873)

    Google Scholar 

  49. M. Seko, Y. Yamagoshi, H. Miyauchi, Y. Kimoto, T. Hane (Jap. 78.131.292, 15 Nov 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 104900)

    Google Scholar 

  50. S. Imai, S. Fujii, M. Asada (Jap. 78.131.293, 15 Nov 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 105218)

    Google Scholar 

  51. H. Kojima, T. Uchino (Jap. 78.134.088, 22 Nov 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 104997)

    Google Scholar 

  52. T. Sata, A. Nakahara, J. Ito (Jap. 78.137.888, 1 Dec 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 122492)

    Google Scholar 

  53. T. Sata, A. Nakahara (Jap. 78.141.187, 8 Dec 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 138590)

    Google Scholar 

  54. M. Hamada, M. Seko, Y. Yamagoshi, H. Miyauchi, Y. Kimoto (Jap. 78.141.188, 8 Dec 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 122497)

    Google Scholar 

  55. M. Seko, Y. Yamagoshi, H. Miyauchi, Y. Kimoto, M. Ebizawa (Jap. 78.149.188, 26 Dec 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 153214)

    Google Scholar 

  56. K. Takahashi, T. Seita, S. Asami, A. Shimizu (U.S. 4.136.237, 23 Jan 1979, Jap. appl. 76.109.346.- C.A. 90 [1979] 153197)

    Google Scholar 

  57. M. Hamada, M. Seko, Y. Yamagoshi, H. Miyauchi, F. Yamamoto (U.S. 4.126.589, 21 Nov 1978, Jap. appl. 76.136.244.- C.A. 90 [1979] 882259)

    Google Scholar 

  58. T. Gunjima, I. Takeshita (W. Ger. 2.822.824, 7 Dec 1978, Jap. appl. 77.59.345.- C.A. 90 [1979] 138767)

    Google Scholar 

  59. T. Sano, T. Shimomura (Jap. 77.91.789, 2 Aug 1977.- C.A. 89 [1978] 7023)

    Google Scholar 

  60. S. Imai, S. Fujii (Jap. 78.14.684, 9 Feb 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 25614)

    Google Scholar 

  61. S. Imai, S. Fujii, M. Asada (Jap. 79.05.889, 17 Jan 1979.- C.A. 90 [1979] 169703)

    Google Scholar 

  62. I. Yoshimura, T. Nomura, S. Kimura, H. Nakano, E. Ohno, N. Shiradori (Jap. 77. 156.779, 27 Dec 1977.- C.A. 89 [1978] 148730)

    Google Scholar 

  63. S. Machi, T. Sugo, A. Sugishita, S. Kanai, H. Fujiwara (Jap. 78.08.692, 26 Jan 1978.- C.A. 89 [l978] 25600)

    Google Scholar 

  64. T. Kiyota, S. Asami, A. Shimizu (Jap. 77.143.988, 30 Nov 1977.- C.A. 88 [1978] 122144.- Jap. 78.60.388, 30 May 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 164391)

    Google Scholar 

  65. T. Kiyota, S. Asami, A. Shimizu (Jap. 77.151.683 and 684, 16 Dec 1977.- C.A.88 [1978] 137382, 137383)

    Google Scholar 

  66. T. Kiyota, A. Shimizu (Jap. 79.04.290, 79. 04.291, 12 Jan 1979.- C.A. 90 [1979] 205142, 169592)

    Google Scholar 

  67. T. Kiyota, K. Takahashi, S. Asami, A. Shimizu (Jap. 79.06.885, 79.06.886, 19 Jan 1979.- C.A. 90 [l979] 169701, 169702)

    Google Scholar 

  68. S. Imai, N. Nagata, T. Ikeuchi, S. Fujii (Jap. 77.91.788, 2 Aug 1977.- C.A. 88 [1978] 106409)

    Google Scholar 

  69. A. Udagawa, T. Sasuga, Y. Kusama, N. Morishita, M. Takehisa (Jap. 78.37.789, 7 Apr 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 130660)

    Google Scholar 

  70. S. Asami, T. Seida, A. Shimizu (Jap. 78.106.678, 16 Sep 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 24383)

    Google Scholar 

  71. S. Machi, H. Taniguchi, A. Sugishita, K. Tawara, H. Fujiwara (Jap. 78.08.690, 26 Jan 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 25310)

    Google Scholar 

  72. S. Machi, T. Sugo, H. Taniguchi, A. Sugishita, H. Fujiwara (Jap. 78.08.691, 26 Jan 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 25311)

    Google Scholar 

  73. K. Takada (Jap. 78.22.887, 2 Mar 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 138761)

    Google Scholar 

  74. Y. Mizutani, K. Kusumoto, Y. Mizumoto, K. Takada (Jap. 78.59.782, 29 May 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 90853)

    Google Scholar 

  75. K. Kihara, R. Tanaka, M. Yokomizo (Jap. 78.88.678, 4 Aug 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 24405)

    Google Scholar 

  76. M. Takesute, Y. Miyamatsu (Jap. 78.106.395, 18 Sep 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 24180)

    Google Scholar 

  77. A. Suzuki, S. Tokuda, Y. Kanaya, T. Shimizu (Jap. 78.140.289, 7 Dec 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 122493)

    Google Scholar 

  78. A. Suzuki, S. Tokuda, Y. Kanaya, K. Shimizu (Jap. 79.26.287, 27 Feb 1979.- C.A. 91 [1979] 21748)

    Google Scholar 

  79. R.B. Hodgdon (U.S. 4.110.265, 29 Aug 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 105188)

    Google Scholar 

  80. A. Rembaum, C.J. Wallace (U.S. 4.119.581, 10 Oct 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 39908)

    Google Scholar 

  81. N. Murayama, M. Fukuda, T. Sakagami, S. Susuki (Jap. 77.72.398, 16 Jun 1977.- C.A. 87 [1977] 203743)

    Google Scholar 

  82. T. Seida, K. Takahashi, S. Asami, A. Shimizu (Jap. 78.28.589, 16 Mar 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 130608

    Google Scholar 

  83. K. Takahashi, T. Kiyota, S. Asami, A. Shimizu (Jap. 78.34.690, 31 Mar 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 111198)

    Google Scholar 

  84. S. Asami, T. Seida, A. Shimizu (Jap. 78.70.984, 23 Jun 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 147809)

    Google Scholar 

  85. T. Seida, K. Takahashi, S. Asami, A. Shimizu (Jap. 78.71.692, 26 Jun 1978.- C.A. 89 L1978] 180975)

    Google Scholar 

  86. T. Seida, A. Shimizu (Jap. 79.06.869, 79.06.870, 19 Jan 1979.- C.A. 90 [1979] 188197, 188198)

    Google Scholar 

  87. K. Takahashi, Y. Kanaya, K. Shimizu (Jap. 79.26.976, 28 Feb 1979.- C.A. 90 [1979] 205444)

    Google Scholar 

  88. K. Takahashi, T. Kiyota, A. Shimizu (Jap. 79.32.189, 9 Mar 1979.- C.A. 91 [1979] 21751)

    Google Scholar 

  89. M. Seko, Y. Yamagoshi, H. Miyauchi, K. Kimoto, T. Hane (Jap. 78.125.283, 1 Nov 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 88271)

    Google Scholar 

  90. M. Seko, Y. Yamagoshi, H. Miyauchi, M. Fukumoto, Y. Kimoto, T. Hane, M. Hamada (Jap. 79.06.887, 19 Jan 1979.- C.A. 91 [1979] 6080)

    Google Scholar 

  91. J.P. Quentin (French 2.353.322, 30 Dec 1977.- C.A. 89 [1978] 111642)

    Google Scholar 

  92. T. Sata, A. Nakahara, Y. Murata, S. Murakami, J. Ito (Jap. 78.26.284, 10 Mar 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 25655)

    Google Scholar 

  93. R. Tanaka, Y. Yamagoshi, K. Miyauchi, Y. Masuda (Jap. 78.99.087, 30 Aug 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 216502)

    Google Scholar 

  94. R. Tanaka, S. Yasukawa (Jap. 79.05.888, 17 Jan 1979.- C.A. 90 [1979] 169593)

    Google Scholar 

  95. T. Oku, N. Kuramoto (Jap. 78.56.172, 22 May 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 137669)

    Google Scholar 

  96. T. Sata, A. Nakahara, Y. Murata, J. Ito, M. Shiromizu (Jap. 78.58.493, 26 May 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 130707)

    Google Scholar 

  97. T. Sata, A. Nakahara, Y. Murata, J. Ito, M. Shiromizu (Jap. 78.108.888, 22 Sep 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 55939)

    Google Scholar 

  98. T. Sata, Y. Murata, A. Nakahara, J. Ito (Jap. 78.123.390, 27 Oct 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 105217)

    Google Scholar 

  99. T. Sata, A. Nakahara, J. Ito, M. Shiromizu (Jap. 79.20.981, 16 Feb 1979.- C.A. 90 [1979] 205169)

    Google Scholar 

  100. T. Sata, A. Nakahara, J. Ito, M. Shiromizu (Jap. 79.21.478, 17 Feb 1979.- C.A. 91 [1979] 5885)

    Google Scholar 

  101. A. Yamaguchi, M. Kamaya, K. Tsuchida (Jap. 78.65.281, 10 Jun 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 203967)

    Google Scholar 

  102. Allied Chemical Corp. (Neth. 77.08.679, 7 Feb 1979.- C.A. 91 [1979] 21780)

    Google Scholar 

  103. N. Ya. Lyubman, F.T. Shostak, G.K. Imangazieva, D.M. Romanova, S.M. Serikbaeva (USSR 633.875, 25 Nov 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 55707)

    Google Scholar 

  104. K. Motani, T. Oku, T. Sata, A. Nakahara (Jap. 79.24.284, 23 Feb 1979.- C.A. 90 [1979] 205170)

    Google Scholar 

  105. H. Ukihashi, T. Asawa, T. Gunjima (Jap. 79.01.283, 8 Jan 1979.- C.A. 90 [1979] 169829)

    Google Scholar 

  106. T. Eguchi, S. Mori, T. Shimokawa (Jap. 79.14.389, 2 Feb 1979.- C.A. 91 [1979] 22059)

    Google Scholar 

  107. H. Yamamoto, Y. Kakihava (Jap. 79.26.286, 27 Feb 1979.- C.A. 91 [1979] 40318)

    Google Scholar 

  108. K. Moeglich (U.S. 4.124.458, 7 Nov 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 73927)

    Google Scholar 

  109. J.H. MacLeish, K.S. Spiegier (AlehE 71st Ann. Meet., Miami Beach, [1978] Paper 109f)

    Google Scholar 

  110. L. Liberti, G. Schmuckler (Desalination 27 [1978] 253/260)

    Google Scholar 

  111. R. Schloegl (Symp. Membr. Desalin. Waste Water Treatm., Jerusalem, Jan. 1978)

    Google Scholar 

  112. J.D. Lopez Gonzales, C. Valenzuela Calahosro, A. Garcia Rodriguez (An. Quim. 73 [1977] 485/490)

    Google Scholar 

  113. V.V. Sitnikova, N.N. Nikolaev, G.G. Chuvileva (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 52 [1978] 1704/1708.- C.A. 89 [1978] 186464)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. K. Yomo, S. Matsuoka, T. Shigemune (Jap. 78.116.286, 11 Oct 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 153191)

    Google Scholar 

  115. A.P. Thoma, A. Viviani-Naver, S. Arvanitis, W.E. Morf, D.W. Simon (Anal. Chem. 49 [1977] 1567/1572)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Y. Tanaka (Denki Kagaku Oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku 45 [1977] 630/635.- C.A. 89 [1978] 152423)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. H. Kimikuza, K. Kaibara, E. Kumamoto, M. Shirozu (J. Membrane Sci 4 [1978] 81/98)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. T. Sata (J.Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. 16 [1978] 1063/1080.- C.A. 89 [1978] 111597)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. T. Sata, Y. Mizutani (J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. 17 [1979] 1199/1213.- C.A. 90 [1979] 205092)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. M. Shirozu, K. Kaibara, N. Yoshida, H. Kimizuka (Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ., Ser. C 10, No 3 [1978] 165/178.- G.A. 89 [1978] 31324)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. V.P. Greben, V.P. Nechuanev (Zh. Prikl. Khim. 51 [1978] 1986/1989.-J. Appl. Chem. USSR 51 [1978] 1879/1882)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. E.O. Timmermann (Ber. Bunsenges.Phys. Chem. 83 [1979] 257/263)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. E.O. Timmermann (Ber. Bunsenges.Phys. Chem. 83 [1979] 263/270)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. H.U. Demisch, W. Pusch (J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 69 [1979] 247/270)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. F. Bellucci, E. Drioli, F.G. Summa, F.S. Gaeta, D.G. Mita, N. Pagliaca (J. Chem. Soc, Faraday Trans. 2, 75 [1979] 247/259)

    Google Scholar 

  126. N.P. Gnusin, N.P. Berezina, V.P. Beketova, A.A. Turro (Deposited Doc VINITI 959–77 [1977] 14p.- C.A. 90 [1979] 170742)

    Google Scholar 

  127. M.M. Shul’ts, O.K. Stefanova (Tezisy Dokl.- Vses. Konf. Ekstr. 3 [1977] 60/64.- C.A. 89 [1978] 186473)

    Google Scholar 

  128. N.I. Nikolaev, G.G. Chuvileva (Nauchn. Tr. Kuban. Unit 232, No 2 [1977] 55/57.- Ref. Zh. Khim. [1978] 13 B 1782)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. V. Svetlicic, Z. Konrad (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 66 [1978] 207/212.- C.A. 89 [1978] 153260)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. P. Sullo, A. Zelman (AlChE Ann. Meet. Miami Beach [1978] Paper 91f)

    Google Scholar 

  131. M.E. Kornelli, Z.I. Ivasyuk (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 52 [1978] 2947/2948.- C.A. 90 [1979] 44280)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. R. Kumar (J. Coll.Polym. Sci. 257 [1979] 550/553.- C.A. 91 [1979] 57952)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. V.V. Sitnikova, N.I. Nikolaev, G.G. Chuvileva, A.S. Tevlina, T.P. Akulova, A.N. Ivankin (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 53 [1979] 1295/1296.- C.A. 91 [1979] 63184)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. O.P. Romashin, M.M. Fioshin, R.G. Erenburg, E.F. Ryabov, V.L. Kubasov, L.I. Krishtalik (Elektrokhimiya 15 [1979] 653/659.- C.A. 91 [1979] 46352)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. V. Svetlicic, Z. Konrad (J. Membrane Sci. 5 [1979] 129/134)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. S.A. Mechkovskii (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 52 [1978] 1084/1085.- Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 52 [1978] 620/621

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. R.P. Rastogi, K. Singh, R. Kumar, S.A. Khan (J. Phys. Chem. 81 [1977] 2114/2118.-C.A. 88 [l978l 12371)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. P. Kumar (Colloid Polym. Sci. 257 [1979] 206/209.- C.A. 90 [1979] 142547)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. V.P. Greben, N. Ya. Kovarskii (Zh. Fiz.Khim. 52 [1978] 2304/2307.- C.A. 89 [1978] 206491)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. T. Z. Sotskova, A.I. Derevyanko (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 53 [1979] 1058.- C.A. 90 [1979] 205053)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. T.N. Toroptseva, S.M. Kanaeva, I.V. Sporykhina, R.G. Sokolova (Nanch. Tr. Kuban. Un-t 232, No 2 L1977J 16/23.- Ref. Zh., Khim. [1978] 13 B 1783)

    Google Scholar 

  142. V.N. Golubev, B. Purina, T.A. Filatova (Latv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis, Kim. Ser. No 5 [1978] 546/548, 549/552.-C.A. 90 [1979] 29459, 29460)

    Google Scholar 

  143. C.H. Lee (Inst. Eng. Austr. Electr. Eng. Trans. 21 [l977] 851/853)

    Google Scholar 

  144. O. Mihara (Jap. 78.22.067, 6 Jul 1978.- C.A. 89 [l978] 185875)

    Google Scholar 

  145. K. Hattenbach, K. Kneifel (GKSS Rept. 77/E/42 [1977] 23 p)

    Google Scholar 

  146. G. Khedr. A. Schmitt, R. Varoqui (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 66 [1978] 516/530.- C.A. 89 [1978] 221486)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. B. Gavish, S. Lifson (J. Chem. Soc, Favaday Trans. 1, 75 [1979] 463/472)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. I. Rubinstein, L. Shtilman (J. Chem. Soc, Favaday Trans 2, 75 [1979] 231/246)

    Google Scholar 

  149. V.A. Shaposhnik, I.V. Drobysheva (Elektrokhimiya 15 [1979] 252/254)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. V.K. Indushekar, P. Meares (Pap. Conf. Physicochem. Hydrodyn. 2 [1977] 1031/1043.- C.A. 89 [1978] 131623)

    Google Scholar 

  151. V.P. Greben, N. Ya. Kovarskii (Zh. Fiz. Khim. 52 [1978] 3160/3165.- C.A. 90 [1979]92993)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. U.F. Franck (Electrochim. Acta 23 [1978] 1081/1091)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. V.L. Sigal, V.V. Yagodkin (Elektrokhimiya 14 [1978] 1309.- C.A. 89 [1978] 186477)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. R. Passino, C. Marra, A. Rozzi, G. Tiravanti (AlChE 71st Ann. Meet. Miami Beach [1978] Paper 91c)

    Google Scholar 

  155. L.N. Moskvin, N.N. Kalinin, L.A. Godon (Zh. Anal. Khim. 32 [1979] 1899/1903.- C.A. 88 [1978] 110298)

    Google Scholar 

  156. H.J.R. Maget (AIChE 71st Ann. Meet., Miami Beach, [1978] Paper 91b)

    Google Scholar 

  157. Yu. N. Nepenin, B.N. Filatov, V.V. Sokolova, E.F. Shtreis (Sb. Tr. NSN11 Bumagi No 14 [1977] 86/91.- Ref. Zh., Khim. [1978] 22 B 1799)

    Google Scholar 

  158. G. Dickel, R. Kretner (J. Chem. Soc, Favaday Trans. 2, 74 [1978] 2225/2234.- C.A. 90 [1979] 61743)

    Google Scholar 

  159. T.A. Shishkanova, K.P. Tikhomolova (Vestn. Leningr. Univ., Fiz. Khim. No 3 [1978] 94/97.- C.A. 90 [1979] 61718)

    Google Scholar 

  160. F.D. Ovcharenko, Yu. P. Boiko, O.L. Alekseev, L.A. Chubirka (Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 244 [1979] 1415/1417.- C.A. 90 [1979] 157502)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. R.C. Srivastava, M.G. Abraham (J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. 4, No 2 [1979] 107/118.- C.A. 90 [1979] 192984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. B.M. Fel’dman, L.L. Blyakhman, E.M. Balavadze (Proizvod. Prerab. Plastmass Sint. Smol No 10 [1978] 38/40.- C.A. 90 [1979] 210597)

    Google Scholar 

  163. R. Kumar (J. Membrane Sci. 5 [1979] 51/61)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. R.C. Srivastava, S. Yadav (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 69 [1979] 280/286.- C.A. 90 [1979] 192927)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. H.W. Tenge (W. Ger. 2.705.813, 17 Aug 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 12135)

    Google Scholar 

  166. H.W. Tenge (W. Ger. 2.705.814, 17 Aug 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 28854)

    Google Scholar 

  167. H.W. Tenge (W. Ger. 2.706.172, 17 Aug 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 28852)

    Google Scholar 

  168. H.W. Tenge (W. Ger. 2.706.193, 17 Aug 1978.- C.A. 90]1979] 28853.- Ref.165 to 168 additions to W. Ger 2.503.670)

    Google Scholar 

  169. T. Okazaki (Jap. 77.96.983, 15 Aug 1977.- C.A. 89 [1978] 30537)

    Google Scholar 

  170. T. Okazaki (Jap. 77.96.984, 77.96.985, 15 Aug 1977.- C.A. 89 [1978] 30538, 30539)

    Google Scholar 

  171. T. Okazaki (Jap. 77.138.067, 17 Nov 1977.- C.A. 89 [1978]. 48771)

    Google Scholar 

  172. T. Okazaki (Jap. 78.30.987, 23 Mar 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 203978)

    Google Scholar 

  173. T. Okazaki (Braz. 76.01.598, 13 Sep 1977.- C.A. 89 [1978] 30551)

    Google Scholar 

  174. L.D. Kireeva, V.V. Kotov, R.I. Zolotareva (Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 21 [1978] 1788/1790.-C.A. 90 [1979] 192009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. O.V. Bobreshova, V.M. Logacheva, A. Ya. Shatalov (Nauch. Tr. Kuban. Un-t 232 No 2 [1977] 44/47.- Ref. Zh., Khim. [1978] 13 B 1781)

    Google Scholar 

  176. O. Kuroda, S. Yoshikawa (Jap. 77.124.482, 19 Oct 1977.- C.A. 89 [1978] 48769)

    Google Scholar 

  177. K. Ueno, N. Ozawa, H. Oki, T. Ishida, K. Nakajima, N. Sudo (Jap. 78.73.483, 29 Jun 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 76355)

    Google Scholar 

  178. M. Torii (Jap. 78.144.473, 15 Dec 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 122743)

    Google Scholar 

  179. F. Stummer, J. Mueller (W. Ger. 2.649.649, 3 May 1978.- C.A. 90 [1979] 28858)

    Google Scholar 

  180. K. Tsuchiya, Y. Hiyama (Jap. 78.23.878, 4 Mar 1978.-C.A. 89 [1978] 135187)

    Google Scholar 

  181. O. Kuroda, S. Takahashi, H. Matsuzaki, S. Koike (Jap. 78.88.671, 78.88.672, 4 Aug 1978.- C.A. 89 [1978] 220517, 220531)

    Google Scholar 

  182. T. Uehara, Y. Terada, H. Saeki, K. Doi (Jap. 78.112.289, 30 Sep 1978.-C.A. 90 [1979] 109773)

    Google Scholar 

  183. J. Block (U.S. 4.144.185, 13 Mar 1979.- C.A. 91 [1979] 9337)

    Google Scholar 

  184. S.P. Aroza, D.K. Rastogi (J. Electrochem. Soc. India 27, No 1 [1978] 60/61.- C.A. 90 [1979] 128077)

    Google Scholar 

  185. M. Nasim Beg, F.A. Siddiqi, S.P. Singh, P. Prakash, V. Gupta (Electrochimica Acta 24 [1979] 85/88)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. T. Eguchi, S. Mori, M. Shimokawa (Maku 3 [1978] 289/294.- C.A. 89 [1978] 216439)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. A.P. Platonov, V.S. Soldatov, A.F. Pestrak (Kolloidn. Zh. 40 [1978] 793/796.- C.A. 89 [1978] 111055)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. R.D. Chebotareva, V.D. Grebenyuk, I.I. Shamolina (Zh. Prikl. Khim. 51 [1978] 2197/2201.- J. Appl. Chem. USSR 51 [1979] 2093/2096)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. N.I. Nikolaev, V.I. Volkov, G.A. Grigor’eva, Yu. M. Popkov, V.V. Sitnikova, G.G. Chuvileva (Elekrokhimiya 15 [1979] 451/461)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Delyannis, A., Delyannis, EE. (1980). Ion Exchange Membranes. In: Seawater and Desalting. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67737-3_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67737-3_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-67739-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-67737-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics