Abstract
A common physiologically balanced salt solution for marine animals, natural seawater must be used within several days after being drawn from the sea because its organic substances begin to be decomposed by bacteria. Kept in containers for more than one month, its organic substances are completely decomposed. Natural seawater can be used for culture after being filtered through active carbon particles and adjusted to pH 8.2 with sodium bicarbonate.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
BAKER, J.R., 1956. Cytological Technique. 2nd Ed. London: Methuen o., Ltd.
FUJI, A., 1967. Ecological studies on the growth and food consumption of Japanese common littoral sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius (A. AGASSIZ). Mem. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ., 15, 83–160.
FUKûSHI, T., 1960a. The external features of the development of the sea urchin, Glyptocidaris crenularis (A. Agassiz). Bull. Mar. Biol. St. Asamushi, Tohoku Univ., 10, 57–63.
FUKUSHI, T., 1960b. The formation of the echinus rudiment and the development of the larval form in the sea urchin, Temnopleurus hardwiki. Bull. Mar. Biol. St. Asamushi, Tohoku Univ., 10, 65–72.
HARVEY, E.B., 1954. Electrical method of determining the sex of sea urchins. Nature, 173, 86.
HARVEY, E.B., 1956. The American Arbacia and Other Sea Urchins. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.
HIRAI, E., 1963. On the breeding seasons of invertebrates in the neighborhood of the Marine Biological Station of Asamushi. Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Univ., Ser. IV (Biol.), 29, 369–375.
IIDA, T., 1942. Uni no ran o ransô o kiridasazuni toru hôhô (A method obtaining sea urchin eggs without dissecting ovaries). Zool. Mag., 54, 2 80.
IWATA, K.S., 1950. A method of determining the sex of sea urchins and of obtaining by electric stimulation. Annot. Zool. Jap., 23, 39–42.
IWATA, K.S., 1962. A simplified electric method of determining the sex of sea urchins. Zool. Mag., 71, 301–302.
IWATA, K.S., FUKASE, H., 1964a. Artificial spawning in sea urchins by acetylcholine. Biol. J. Okayama Univ., 10, 51–56.
IWATA, K.S., FUKASE, H., 1964b. Comparison of discharge of the gametes by three artificial means in Sea urchins. Biol. J. Okayama Univ., 10, 57–64.
KAWAMURA, K., 1970. On the development of the planktonic larvae of Japanese sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus intermedius and S. nudus. Sci. Rep. Hokkaido Fish. Exp. St., 12, 25–32.
KOBAYASHI, N., 1969. Spawning periodicity of sea urchins at Seto. III. Tripneustes gratilla, Echinometra mathaei, Anthocidaris crassispina and Echinostrephus aciculatus. Sci. Eng. Rev. Doshisha Univ., 9, 254–269.
KOBAYASHI, N., NAKAMURA, K., 1967. Spawning periodicity of sea urchins at Seto. II. Diadema setosum. Pub. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 15, 173–184.
MATSUI, I., 1966. Uni no Zôshoku (The Propagation of the Sea Urchins). Tokyo: Nippon Shuisanshigen Hogo Kyokai.
MOTOMURA, I., 1938. Effect of some salt solutions on the parthenogenetic membrane formation of sea urchin eggs. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. IV (Biol.), 13, 85–88.
MOTOMURA, I., 1941a. Materials of the fertilization membrane in the eggs of echinoderms. Sei. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. IV (Biol.), 16, 345–363.
MOTOMURA, I., 1941b. The sexual character of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus pulcherrimus (A. AGASSIZ). Sei. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. IV (Biol.), 16, 431.
MOTOMURA, I., 1953. Secretion of the sperm aggulutinin in the fertilized and denuded eggs of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus nudus. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. IV (Biol.), 20, 93–97.
MOTOMURA, I., 1954. Inhibition and acceleration of the toughening of the fertilization membrane in the sea urchin’s eggs. Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Univ. Ser. IV (Biol.), 20, 158–162.
MOTOMURA, I., 1957. On the nature and localization of the third factor for the toughening of the fertilization membrane of the sea urchin egg. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. IV (Biol.), 23, 168–181.
MOTOMURA, I., 1958. Secretion of mucosubstance in the cleaving eggs of the sea urchin. Bull. Mar. Biol. St. Asamushi, 9, 79.
MOTOMURA, I., 1960a. Secretion of mucosubstance in the gastrula of the sea urchin embryo. Bull. Mar. Biol. St. Asamushi, 10, 165–169.
MOTOMURA, I., 1960b. On the structure of the cortical granule in the sea urchin egg. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. IV (Biol.), 26, 367–374.
MOTOMURA, I., 1963. Fixatives for electron microscopy. Bull. Mar. Biol. St. Asamushi, 11, 249–252.
OKADA, K., 1950. An improved method of artificial insemination on some marine eggs. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. IV (Biol.), 18, 262–269.
OKADA, K., MIYAUCHI, H., 1954. Normal table of the early developmental stages on the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. J. Gakugei, Tokushima Univ., 5, 57–68.
OKADA, K., MIYAUCHI, H., 1958. Sanshouni no shokihassei kijunzuhyô (Normal table of the early development of the sea urchin, Temnopleurus toreumaticus). J. Gakugei, Tokushima Univ., 8, 59–71.
ONODA, K., 1932. Koshitaka-uni no yôsei to sono hentai (Larvae and their metamorphosis of Mespilia globulus). Zool. Mag., 44, 20–21.
OSANAI, K., 1964a. Ecto- and endoplasmic relation in the partially activated egg of the sea urchin. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. IV (Biol.), 30, 105–117.
OSANAI, K., 1964b. Cortical granule as a body containing cytofertilizin in the sea urchin egg. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. Ser. IV (Biol.), 30, 119–131.
OSANAI, K., 1969. Behavior of pigment granules during early development in the eggs of sea urchin, Temnopleurus hardwiki. Ann. Rep. Fac. Ed. Univ. Iwate, 29, Pt. 3, 35–39.
OSANAI, K., TAMURA, N., 1970. Uni-seishi chûshutsu-butsu no seirisayô (Physiological natures of the sperm extract of the sea urchin). Jap. J. Dev. Biol., 24, 80–81.
RUNNSTRöM, J., KRISZAT, G., 1950. Action of periodate on the surface reactions attending the activation of the egg of the sea urchin, Psammechinus miliaris. Exp. Cell Res., 1, 355–370.
TAHARA, Y., OKADA, M., KOBAYASHI, N., 1958. Secondary sexual characters in Japanese sea urchins. Pub. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 7, 165–172.
TAHARA, Y., OKADA, M., KOBAYASHI, N., 1960. Further notes on the sexual dimorphisms in Japanese sea urchins. Pub. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 8., 183–189.
UTINOMI, H., 1954. A check list of echinoids found in the Kii regions. Pub. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 3 339–358.
UTINOMI, H., 1960. Echinoides from Hokkaido and the neighbouring subarctic waters. Pub. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., 8, 337–350.
UTINOMI, H., 1965. Uni-kô (Echinoidea). New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan 3. Tokyo: Hokuryu-kan Pub. Co.
YAMAMOTO, M., 1965. An experimental study on the cleavage of sea urchin eggs by means of the formation of the egg protuberance. Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Univ. Ser. IV (Biol.), 31, 55–62.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1975 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Osanai, K. (1975). Handling Japanese Sea Urchins and Their Embryos. In: Czihak, G. (eds) The Sea Urchin Embryo. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65964-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65964-5_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-65966-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-65964-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive