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A Systems View of Respiratory Regulation

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Comprehensive Human Physiology

Abstract

The chemical composition of the alveolar gases (alveolar CO2 and O2 pressure, \( PA_{CO_2 } \) and \( PA_{O_2 } \)) and of the arterial blood (arterial CO2 and O2 content, \( Ca_{CO_2 } \) and \( Ca_{O_2 } \)) is dependent upon the exchange of respiratory gases between the environment and the alveolar space. This connection is quantitatively described in the equation \( PA_{CO_2 } \) = constant production of CO2 (\( V_{CO_2 } \))/alveolar ventilation (VA). (see Chaps. 100–102). Thus the CO2 content of alveolar gas or of arterial blood is a function of the magnitude of the metabolic CO2 production and VA Since the metabolic rate varies widely in daily life, the equation shows that these variations would result in extraordinary variations of \( PA_{CO_2 } \) and hence of blood and tissue chemistry if VA did not vary in a way corresponding to metabolic CO2 production. The air-moving apparatus serves to maintain homeostasis and helps adapt to endogenic and exogenic challenges; it makes typical human activities possible. Phonation, for example, is possible as a result of fine and graded involvement of the respiratory motoricity.

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Authors
  1. M. E. Schläfke
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  2. H. P. Koepchen
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  1. Physiologisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany

    Rainer Greger

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., T2N 4N1, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

    Uwe Windhorst

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Schläfke, M.E., Koepchen, H.P. (1996). A Systems View of Respiratory Regulation. In: Greger, R., Windhorst, U. (eds) Comprehensive Human Physiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60946-6_107

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60946-6_107

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