Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Single Dimensional Line Measurement with a Laser Sensor by Dynamic Focusing Principle as a Tool of Modern Skin Physiology

  • Conference paper
Skin Cancer and UV Radiation

  • 436 Accesses

Abstract

The use of a laser sensor for single dimensional line profile measurement (laser profilometry) is a modern technique which allows the roughness of skin to be quantified. The technique involves making a single scan of a skin replica by means of a fine laser beam and then reading this profile into a computer. The profile section of the impression allows conclusions to be drawn with regard to the structure of the skin surface. Numerical roughness values, for example, may be calculated according to national and international standards. This method has advantage of having an extremely high resolution, of the order of the size of sub-cellular structures. The following paper describes this new technique and illustrates how it may be used for dermatological research. Our experimental and theoretical work shows the extreme precision which may be obtained with this technique.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Author not mentioned by name. Optische Längen-, Profil- und Rauheitsmeßtechnik. Kontrolle 1990; Nov.: 23–28

    Google Scholar 

  2. Breitmeier U (1989) Optische Präzisions-Längenmeßtechnik, abgeleitet von der „dynamischen Fokussierung” beim CD-Player. Elektronik 10: 124–126

    Google Scholar 

  3. Breitmeier U (1992) Lasermeßtechnik zur Oberflächen-Qualitätskontrolle. Laser und Optoelektronik 24 (2): 53–58

    Google Scholar 

  4. Steinhoff R (1991) Mikrooptische Strukturanalyse beschichteter Metalloberflächen - berührungslos messen. Industrie-Anzeiger 8: 23–25

    Google Scholar 

  5. König W (1981) Fertigungsverfahren Band I: Drehen, Fräsen, Bohren. Düsseldorf: Verlag des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure

    Google Scholar 

  6. Saur R, Schramm U, Steinhoff R, Wolff H H (1991) Strukturanalyse der Hautoberfläche durch computergestützte Laser-Profilometrie, neues Verfahren zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Rauheitsstruktur der Haut. Der Hautarzt 42:499–506

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Xie Y, Mignot I (1993) Measurement of Skin Relief by Two- and Three-Dimensional Profilometry. In: Leveque I-L, Agache PG, eds. Aging Skin, Properties and Functional Changes. New York: Marcel Dekker, 133–178

    Google Scholar 

  8. Deutsche Norm (DIN) 4762, Oberflächenrauheit; Begriffe; Oberfläche und ihre Kenngrößen. Berlin: Beuth Verlag, Jan. 1989

    Google Scholar 

  9. Deutsche Norm (DIN) 4760, Gestaltabweichungen; Begriffe; Ordnungssystem. Berlin: Beuth Verlag, Juni 1982

    Google Scholar 

  10. Deutsche Norm (DIN) 4768, Ermittlung der Rauheitskenngrößen Ra, Rz, Rmax mit elektrischen Tastschnittgeräten; Begriffe; Meßbedingungen. Berlin: Beuth Verlag, Mai 1990

    Google Scholar 

  11. Tronnier H (1957) Zur Messung der Hautoberfäche unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Beseitigung von Falten. Med Kosmet 59 (5): 145–151

    Google Scholar 

  12. Makki S, Barbenel J C, Agache P (1979) A quantitative method for the assessment of the microtopography of human skin. Acta Dermatovenereologica 59:285–291

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Makki S, Agache P, Mignot J, Zahouani H (1984) Statistical analysis and three-dimensional representation of human skin surface. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists 35: 311–325

    Google Scholar 

  14. Assoul M, Galal T, Mignon J (1987) Cutaneous relief measurement using a wide range automatic profilometer. Bioengineering and the Skin 3: 109–122.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Prall J K (1973) Instrumental evaluation of the effects of cosmetic products on skin surfaces with particular reference to smoothness. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists 24: 693–707

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wolff H H (1992) Quotationen: Computergestützte Laserprofilometrie: Überprüfung der Wirkung lokaler Kortikoide im Psoriasis-Plaquetest. Booklet of the Hoechst Company, 8–10

    Google Scholar 

  17. Deutsche Norm (DIN) 4772, Elektrische Tastschnittgeräte zur Messung der Oberflächenrauheit nach dem Tastschnittverfahren. Berlin: Beuth Verlag, Nov. 1979

    Google Scholar 

  18. Wagberg P, Johannsson P-A (1993) Surface profilometry - a comparison between optical and mechanical sensing on printing papers. Tappi Journal 76 (12): 115–121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Efsen J, Hansen H N, Steen C, Keiding J (1995) Laser Profilometry. In: Serup J, Jemec G B E, eds. Handbook of non-invasive methods and the skin. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 97–106

    Google Scholar 

  20. Berardesca E, Maibach H I (1989) Noninvasive Bioengineering Assessment of Psoriasis. International Journal of Dermatology 28 (3): 157–160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Seidenschnur E K (1995) FDA and EEC Regulations Related to Skin: Documentation and Measuring Devices. In: Serup J, Jemec G B E, eds. Handbook of non-invasive methods and the skin. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 653–665

    Google Scholar 

  22. Serup J (1995) Prescription for a Bioengineering Study: Strategy, Standards, and Definitions. In: Serup J, Jemec G B E, eds. Handbook of non-invasive methods and the skin. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 17–21

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kligman A M (1995) Perspectives on Bioengineering of the Skin. In: Serup J, Jemec G B E, eds. Handbook of non-invasive methods and the skin. Boca Raton: CRC Press

    Google Scholar 

  24. Snaith B, Edmonts M J, Probert S D (1981) Use of a profilometer for surface mapping. Precision Engineering 3: 87–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Pierard G E (1995) Relevance, Comparison, and Validation of Techniques. In: Serup J, Jemec G B E., eds. Handbook of non-invasive methods and the skin. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 9–14

    Google Scholar 

  26. Serup J (1995) Preface. In: Serup J, Jemec G B E, eds. Handbook of non-invasive methods and the skin. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 3–8

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hashimoto K (1974) New methods for surface ultrastructure: comparative studies of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and replica method. International Journal of Dermatology 13: 357–381

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Barnes I E (1973) Techniques for the replication of skin surfaces. British Journal of Dermatology 89: 277–283

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Thomas T R, Charlton G (1981) Variation of roughness parameters on some typical manufactured surfaces. Precision Engineering 3:91–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Young R D, Scire F E (1972) Precision Reference Specimens of Surface Roughness: Some Characteristics of the Cali-Block. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards C76C: 21–23

    Google Scholar 

  31. Sarkany I (1962) A method for studying the microtopography of the skin. British Journal of Dermatology 74: 254–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Barnes I. E (1973) Techniques for the replication of skin surfaces. British Journal of Dermatology 89:277–283

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sarkany I (1962) A method for studying the microtopography of the skin. British Journal of Dermatology 74: 254–258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Thielemann A M, Chavez H, Sandoval M A, Orrego I (1990) A quantitative method for assessing cosmetics for efficacy at reducing wrinkles. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists 41: 243–248

    Google Scholar 

  35. Gordon K D (1984) Pitting and bubbling artefacts in surface replicas made with silicone rubber. Journal of Microscopy 134 (2): 183–188

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Barnes I E (1972) Replica models for the scanning electron microscope - a new impression technique. British Dental Journal 133: 337–342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ryan R L, Hing SAO, Theiler R F (1983) A replica technique for the evaluation of human skin by scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Cutaneous Pathology 10: 262–276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Thomas T R (1982) Stylus instruments. In: Thomas T R, ed. Rough surfaces. London: Longman, 12–41

    Google Scholar 

  39. Connemann B J (1993) Über einige Ursachen der unbefriedigenden Vergleichbarkeit der- matologisch-profilometrischer Studien. Inaugural dissertation; Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ward H C (1982) Profil description. In: Thomas T R, ed. Rough surfaces. London: Longman, 72–90

    Google Scholar 

  41. Whitehouse D J (1982) Digital techniques. In: Thomas T R, ed. Rough surfaces. London: Longman, 144–166

    Google Scholar 

  42. Connemann B J, Busche H, Kreush J, Wolff H H (1996) Sources of unwanted variability in measurement and description of skin surface topography. Skin Research and Technology 2: 40–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. S. Laumann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. Hoffmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F. Knop
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. T. Naubert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. P. Altmeyer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dermatologische Klinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, im St. Josef Hospital, Gudrunstraße 56, D-44791, Bochum, Germany

    Peter Altmeyer , Klaus Hoffmann  & Markus Stücker ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Laumann, S., Hoffmann, K., Knop, F., Naubert, T., Altmeyer, P. (1997). Single Dimensional Line Measurement with a Laser Sensor by Dynamic Focusing Principle as a Tool of Modern Skin Physiology. In: Altmeyer, P., Hoffmann, K., Stücker, M. (eds) Skin Cancer and UV Radiation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60771-4_132

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60771-4_132

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64547-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60771-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation