Skip to main content

Domains of Gene Expression in Developing Endosperm

  • Chapter
Fertilization in Higher Plants

Abstract

Cereal endosperm provides directly or via livestock feed a major component of human nutrition. Using molecular probes, gene expression within the developing maize endosperm can be shown to be organized into a series of spatial domains which belie its apparent uniformity. Current knowledge of the physiological and genetic controls of gene expression in these domains is sketchy. Domain boundaries can be influenced by both hormonal and nutritional factors. Transcription factors so far identified operate generally within one endosperm domain, although the factor(s) interacting with one class of conserved promoter sequences, termed collectively the RY-repeats, for example, may act throughout the endosperm. Understanding how domains are established and maintained may help attempts to improve grain quality and yield.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Balconi C, Rizzi E, Motto M, Salamini F, Thompson RD (1993) The accumulation of zein polypeptides and zein mRNA is modulated by nitrogen supply. Plant J 3: 325 – 334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becraft PW, Stinard PS, McCarty DR (1996) Crinkly4: A TNFR-like receptor kinase involved in maize epidermal differentiation. Science 273: 1406 – 1409

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bobb AJ, Chern MS, Bustos MM (1997) Conserved RY-repeats mediate transactivation of seed-specific promoters by the developmental regulator PvALF. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 641 – 647

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bodeau JP, Walbot V (1996) Structure and regulation of the maize Bronze2 promoter. SO — Plant Molecular Biology 32: 599 – 609

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burr FA, Burr B, Scheffler BE, Blewitt M, Wienand U, Matz EC (1996)The maize repressor-like gene intensifierl shares homology with the rl/bl multigene family of transcription factors and exhibits missplicing. Plant Cell 8:1249–1259

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron JW (1947) Chemico-genetic bases for the reserve carbohydrates in maize. Genetics 32: 459 – 485

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhury AM, Ming L, Miller C, Craig S, Dennis ES, Peacock WJ (1997) Fertilization-independent seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 (8): 4223 – 4228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng W-H, Talierco EW, Chourey PS (1996) The Miniature 1 seed locus of maize encodes a eel wall in- vertase required for normal development of endosperm and maternal cells in the pedicel. Plant Cell 8: 971 – 983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark JK, Sheridan WF (1991) Isolation and characterization of 51 embryo-specific mutations of maize. Plant Cell 3: 935 – 952

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman CE, Clore AM, Ranch JP, Higgins R, Lopes MA, Larkins BA (1997) Expression of a mutant al phazein creates the floury2 phenotype in transgenic maize. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94: 7094 – 7097

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colombo L, Franken J, Van der Krol AR, Wittich PE, Dons HJM, Angenent GC (1997) Downregulation of Ovule-Specific MADS Box Genes from Petunia Results in Maternally Controlled Defects in Seed Development Plant Cell, Vol 9: 703 – 71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis RW, Smith JD, Cobb BG (1990) A light and electron microscopic investigation of the transfer cell region of maize caryopses. Can J Bot 68: 471 – 479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson CD, Evans PR, Nielsen NC (1988) RY repeats are conserved in the 5′ flanking regions of legume seed protein genes. Nucl Acids Res 16: 371

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dolfini SF, Landoni M, Tonelli C, Bernard L, Viotti A (1992) Spatial regulation in the expression of structural and regulatory storage-protein genes in Zea-mays endosperm. Developmental Genetics 13 (4): 264 – 276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forde BG, Heyworth A, Pywell J, Kreis M (1985) Nucleotide sequence of a B1 hordein geneand the identification of possible upstream regulatory sequences in endosperm storage protein genes from barley, wheat and maize. Nucl Acids Res 13: 7327 – 7339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman WE (1994) The evolution of embryogeny in seed plants and the developmental origin and early history of endosperm. Am J Bot 81: 1468 – 1486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallusci P, Varotto S, Matsuoko M, Maddaloni M, Thompson RD (1996) Regulation of cytosolic pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase expression in developing maize endosperm. Plant Molecular Biology 31: 45 – 55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goff SA, Cone KC, Chandler VL (1992) Functional analysis of the transcriptional activator encoded by the maize b gene evidence for a direct functional interaction between two classes of regulatory proteins. Genes & Development 6: 864 – 875

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grafi G, Burnett RJ, Helentjaris T, Larkins BA, Decaprio JA, Sellers WR, Kaelin WG Jr (1996) A maize cDNA encoding a member of the retinoblastoma protein family Involvement in endoreduplication. Proc Natl Acad Sci (US) 93: 8962 – 8967

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammond-Kosack MCU, Holdsworth MJ, Bevan MW (1993) In vivo footprinting of a low molecular weight glutenin gene (LMWG-1D1) in wheat endosperm. EMBO J 12: 545 – 554

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hattori T, Vasil IK, Rosenkrans L, Hannah LC, McCarty DR, Vasil IK (1992) The Viviparous-1 gene and abscisic acid activate the C1 regulatory gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis during seed maturation in maize. Genes Dev 6: 609 – 618

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hueros G, Varotto S, Salamini F, Thompson RD (1995) Molecular characterization of BET1, a gene expressed in the endosperm transfer cells of maize. Plant Cell 7: 747 – 757

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen SE, Olszewski NE (1993) Mutantions at the SPINDLY locus of Arabidopsis alter gibberellin signal transduction. Plant Cell 5: 887 – 896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalla R, Shimamoto K, Potter R, Nielsen PS, Linnestad C, Olsen O-A (1994) The promoter of the barley aleurone-specific gene encoding a putative 7 kDa lipid transfer protein confers aleurone cell-specific expression in transgenic rice. Plant Journal 6: 849 – 860

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kao CY, Cocciolone SM, Vasil IK, Mccarty DR (1996) Localization and interaction of the cis-Acting elements for abscisic acid, Viviparous1, and light activation of the C1 gene of maize. Plant Cell 8: 1171 – 1179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kultonow AM (1993) Apomixis: Embryo sacs and embryos formed without meiosis or fertilization in ovules. Plant Cell 5: 1425 – 1437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leah R, Skriver K, Knudsen S, Ruud-Hansen J, Raikhel NV, Mundy J (1994) Identification of an enhancer/silencer sequence directing the aleurone-specific expression of a barley chitinase gene. Plant J 6: 579 – 589

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leubner-Metzger G, Frundt C, Vogeli Lange R, Meins F Jr (1995) Class I beta-l,3-glucanases in the endosperm of tobacco during germination. Plant Physiology (Rockville) 109: 751 – 759

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lohmer S, Maddaloni M, Motto M, Di Fonzo N, Hartings H, Salamini F, Thompson RD (1991) The maize regulatory locus Opaque-2 encodes a DNA-binding protein which activates the transcription of the b-32 gene. EMBO J 10: 617 – 624

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lur HS, Setter TL (1993) Endosperm development of maize defective kernel dek mutants: auxin and cytokinin levels. Annals of Botany (London) 72 (1): 1 – 6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield SG, Briarty LG (1990a) Development of the free-cellular Endosperm in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). Arab Inf Serv 27: 53 – 64

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield SG, Briarty LG (1990b) Endosperm cellularization in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). Arab Inf Serv 27: 65 – 72

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield SG, Briarty LG (1994) Arabidopsis: an atlas of morphology and development 367–373. pub Springer Verlag

    Google Scholar 

  • Manzocchi L, Tonelli C, Gavazzi G, Di Fonzo N, Soave C (1986) Genetic relationship between 06 and pro1 mutants in maize. Theor Appl Genet 72: 778 – 781

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClintock (1978) Development of the maize endosperm as revealed by clones. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 217 – 237

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller ME, Chourey PS (1992) The maize invertase-deficient miniature-1 seed mutation is associated with aberrant pedicel and endosperm development. Plant Cell 4: 297 – 305

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller M, Dues G, Balconi C, Salamini F, Thompson RD (1997) Nitrogen and hormonal responsiveness of the 22kDa cx-zein and b-32 genes is displayed in the absence of the transcriptional regulator Opaque-2. Plant J 12: 281 – 291

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson DE, Glaunsinger B, Bohnert HJ (1997) Abundant Accumulation of the Calcium-Binding Molecular Chaperone Calreticulin in Specific Floral Tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 114: 29 – 37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neuffer MG, Sheridan WF (1980) Defective kernel mutants of maize. I Genetic and lethality studies. Genetics 95: 929 – 944

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohad N, Margossian L, Hsu Y-C, Williams C, Repetti P, Fischer RL (1996) A mutation that allows endosperm development without fertilization. Proc Nat Acad Sci 93: 5319 - 5324

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen O, Potter R, Kalla R (1992) Histo-differentiation and molecular biology of developing cereal endosperm. Seed Science res 2: 117 – 131

    Google Scholar 

  • Opsahl Ferstad HG, Le Deunff E, Dumas C, Rogowsky PM (1997) ZmEsr, a novel endosperm-specific gene expressed in a restricted region around the maize embryo. Plant Journal 12: 235 – 246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Or E, Boyer SK, Larkins BA (1993) Opaque2 modifiers act post-transcriptionally and in a polar manner on gamma-zein gene expression in maize endosperm. Plant Cell 5 (11): 1599 – 1609

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sainz MB, Grotewold E, Chandler VL (1997) Evidence for direct activation of an anthocyanin promoter by the maize CI protein and comparison of DNA binding by related Myb domain proteins. Plant Cell 9: 611 – 625

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scanlon MJ, Stinard PS, James MG, Myers AM, Robertson DS (1994) Genetic analysis of 63 mutations affecting maize kernel development isolated from Mutator stocks. Genetics 136: 281 – 294

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt RJ, Burr FA, Aukerman MJ, Burr B (1990) Maize regulatory gene Opaque-2 encodes a protein with a “leucine zipper” motif that binds to zein DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 46 – 50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan WF, Neuffer MG (1980) Defective kernel mutants of maize. II Morphological and embryo culture studies. Genetics 95: 945 – 960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan WF, Clark JK (1987) Maize embryogeny a promising experimental system. Trends in Genetics 3: 3 – 6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singletary GW, Below FE (1989) Growth and composition of maize kernels cultured in vitro with varying supplies of carbon and nitrogen. Plant Physiol 89: 341 – 346

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith AM, Denyer K, Martin C (1997) The synthesis of the starch granule. In: Jones RL (ed) Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, Vol 48x+819p 67–87.Annual Reviews Inc: Palo Alto,California, USA, ISBN 0-8243-0648-1

    Google Scholar 

  • Soave C,Salamini F (1984) The role of structural and regulatory genes in the development of maize (Zeamays) endosperm. Developmental Genetics 5: 1 – 26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torti G, Manzocchi L, Salamini F (1986) Free and bound IAA is low in the endosperm of the maize mutant defective endosperm-B18.Theoretical & Applied Genetics 72: 602 – 605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vicente-Carbajosa J, Moose SP, Parsons RL, Schmidt RJ (1997) A maize zinc-finger protein binds the prolamin box in zein gene promoters and interacts with the basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator Opaque-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 7685 – 7690

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yadegari R, de Paiva GR, Laux T, Koltunow AM, Apuya N, Zimmermann JL, Fischer RL, Harada JJ, Goldberg RB (1994) Cell Differentiation and Morphogenesis Are Uncoupled in Arabidopsis raspberry Embryos Plant Cell 6: 1713 – 1729

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Becker, H.A., Hueros, G., Maitz, M., Varotto, S., Serna, A., Thompson, R.D. (1999). Domains of Gene Expression in Developing Endosperm. In: Cresti, M., Cai, G., Moscatelli, A. (eds) Fertilization in Higher Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59969-9_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59969-9_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64202-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-59969-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics