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Development and Substructures of Pollen Grains Wall

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Fertilization in Higher Plants

Abstract

Pollen grains and spores are the male reproductive units of many types of plants. They vary in shape and ornamentation and have a very resistant outer wall called the exine and an inner polysaccharide layer called the intine. There are several terms that have been applied to the layers of the exine. The most common terms are those of Erdtman (1952) and Faegri and Iversen (1975).

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  1. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden

    G. El-Ghazaly

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  1. Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Universita degli Studi di Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy

    Mauro Cresti , Giampiero Cai  & Alessandra Moscatelli ,  & 

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El-Ghazaly, G. (1999). Development and Substructures of Pollen Grains Wall. In: Cresti, M., Cai, G., Moscatelli, A. (eds) Fertilization in Higher Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59969-9_14

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