Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Introduction

  • Chapter
Protein Stability and Folding

  • 212 Accesses

Abstract

Protein stability may be understood as the resistance of a protein against the denaturing action of physical or chemical factors (e.g., temperature, pH, addition of solutes etc.). Usually, various factors may induce quite different changes in the protein such as loss of activity, changes of spectral properties and other physical parameters or even cleavage of the polypeptide chain. To quantitate protein stability, the conformational stability is commonly used. Under physiological conditions the folded (native) and unfolded (denatured) states of a protein are in equilibrium. The Gibbs energy change (ΔG) for the equilibrium reaction taking place without cleavage of covalent bonds

$${\text{folded }}(N){\text{ }} \rightleftharpoons {\text{ unfolded }}({\text{D}})$$

is referred to as the conformational stability of a protein. Thus, protein stability is defined on the sound basis of thermodynamic quantities. Therefore, it is possible to compare proteins irrespective of their different biological activity, molecular mass etc. Moreover, related thermodynamic quantities such as enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS), and heat capacity change (ΔCp) at unfolding can be determined which allows to gain a deeper insight into the forces that stabilizethe unique three-dimensional structure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Lumry, R., Biltonen, R., Brandts, J.F.: Biopolymers 4 (1966) 917.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tanford, C: Adv. Protein Chem. 23 (1968) 121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Aune, K.C., Tanford, C: Biochemistry 8 (1969) 4586.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Tanford, C: Adv. Protein Chem. 24 (1970) 1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Privalov, P.L., Khechinashvili, N.N.: J. Mol. Biol. 86 (1974) 665.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Pace, C.N.: CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 3 (1975) 1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pfeil, W., Privalov, P.L.: Biophys. Chem. 4 (1976) 23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Pfeil, W., Privalov, P.L.: Biophys. Chem. 4 (1976) 33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Pfeil, W., Privalov, P.L.: Biophys. Chem. 4 (1976) 41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Biltonen, R.L., Freire, E.: CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 5 (1978) 85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Freire, E., Biltonen, R.L.: Biopolymers 17 (1978) 463.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Freire, E., Biltonen, R.L.: Biopolymers 17 (1978) 481.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Schellman, J.A.: Biopolymers 17 (1978) 1305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Pace, C.N., Vanderburg, K.E.: Biochemistry 18 (1979) 288.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Pfeil, W.: in: Biochemical Thermodynamics, Studies in modern thermodynamics, vol. 1, ed. by M.N. Jones, Elsevier Scientific Publ. Co., Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, 1979, p.75.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Privalov, P.L.: Adv. Protein Chem. 33 (1979) 167.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Pfeil, W., Bendzko, P.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta 626 (1980) 73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Privalov, P.L.: Pure Appl. Chem. 52 (1980) 479.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Pfeil, W.: Mol. Cell. Biochem. 40 (1981) 3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Privalov, P.L.: Adv. Protein Chem. 35 (1982) 1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Fukada, H., Sturtevant, J.M., Quiocho, F.A.: J. Biol. Chem. 258 (1983) 13193.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Saito, Y., Wada, A.: Biopolymers 22 (1983) 2123.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wada, A., Saito, Y., Ohogushi, M.: Biopolymers 22 (1983) 93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Calderon, R.O., Stolovich, N.J., Gerlt, J.A., Sturtevant, J.M.: Biochemistry 24 (1985)6044.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Creighton, T.E.: Methods Enzymol. 131 (1986) 156.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hinz, H.-J.: Methods Enzymol. 130 (1986) 59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Pace, C.N.: Methods Enzymol. 131 (1986) 266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Pfeil, W.: in: Thermodynamic Data for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, ed. by H.-J. Hinz, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, 1986, p. 349.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Pfeil, W., Bychkova, V.E., Ptitsyn, O.B.: FEBS Lett. 198 (1986) 287.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Privalov, P.L., Potekhin, S.A.: Methods Enzymol. 131 (1986) 4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Becktel, W.J., Schellman, J.A.: Biopolymers 26 (1987) 1859.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kidokoro, S.-L, Wada, A.: Biopolymers 26 (1987) 213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Schellman, J.A.: Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. 16 (1987) 115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Sturtevant, J.M.: Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 38 (1987) 463.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Bolen, D.W., Santoro, M.M.: Biochemistry 27 (1988) 8069.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kidokoro, S.-L, Wada, A.: Biopolymers 27 (1988) 271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Pfeil, W.: in: Biochemical Thermodynamics, Studies in modern Thermodynamics, vol. 8, ed. by M.N. Jones, 2nd ed., Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, 1988, p.53.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Privalov, P.L., Gill, S.J.: Adv. Protein Chem. 39 (1988) 191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Santoro, M.M., Bolen, D.W.: Biochemistry 27 (1988) 8063.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Schwarz, F.P., Kirchhoff, W.H.: Thermochim. Acta 128 (1988) 267.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Alber, T.: Ann. Rev. Biochem. 58 (1989) 765.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Brandts, J.F., Hu, C.Q., Lin, L.-N., Mas, M.T.: Biochemistry 28 (1989) 8588.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Creighton, T.E.: Protein Structure-a practical approach, IRL Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Goldenberg, D.P.: in: Protein Structure–a practical approach, ed. by T.E. Creighton, IRL Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, 1989, p. 225.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Kitamura, S., Sturtevant, J.M.: Biochemistry 28 (1989) 3788.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Pace, C.N., Shirley, B.A., Thomson, J.A.: in: Protein Structure-a practical approach, ed. by T.E. Creighton, IRL Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, 1989, p. 311.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Pace, C.N., Laurents, D.V.: Biochemistry 28 (1989) 2520.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Privalov, P.L.: Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. 18 (1989) 47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Privalov, P.L., Tiktopulo, E.I., Venyaminov, S.Yu, Griko, Yu.V., Makhatadze, G.I., Khechinashvili, N.N.: J. Mol. Biol. 205 (1989) 737.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Privalov, P.L., Plotnikov, V.V.: Thermochim. Acta 139 (1989) 257.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Robert, C.H., Colosimo, A., Gill, S.J.: Biopolymers 28 (1989) 1705.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Schwarz, F.P: Thermochim. Acta 147 (1989) 71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Wiseman, T., Williston, S., Brandts, J.F., Lin, L.-N.: Analyt. Biochem. 179 (1989) 131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Brandts, J.F., Lin, L.-N.: Biochemistry 29 (1990) 6927.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Dill, K.A.: Biochemistry 29 (1990) 7133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Pace, C.N., Laurents, D.V., Thomson, J.A.: Biochemistry 29 (1990) 2564.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Privalov, P.L.: Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 25 (1990) 281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Privalov, P.L., Makhatadze, G.I.: J. Mol. Biol. 213 (1990) 385.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Schellman, J.A.: Biopolymers 29 (1990) 215.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Shrake, A., Ross, P.D.: J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 5055.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Xie, D., Bhakuni, V., Freire, E.: Biochemistry 30 (1991) 10673.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Goldenberg, D.P.: in Protein Folding, ed. by T.E. Creighton, W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1992, pp. 353

    Google Scholar 

  63. Hu, C.-Q., Sturtevant, J.M., Thomson, J.A., Erickson, R.E., Pace, C.N.: Biochemistry 31 (1992) 4876.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Hurley, J.H., Baase, W.A., Matthews, B.W.: J. Mol. Biol. 224 (1992) 1143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Makhatadze, G.I., Privalov, P.L: J. Mol. Biol. 226 (1992) 491.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Murphy, K.P., Freire, E.: Adv. Protein Chem. 43 (1992) 313.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Oobatake, M., Ooi, T.: Progr. Biophys. Molec. Biol. 59 (1992) 237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Privalov, P.L.: in Protein Folding, ed. by T.E. Creighton, W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1992, pp. 83.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Santoro, M.M, Bolen, D.W.: Biochemistry 31 (1992) 4901.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Serrano, L., Kellis Jr., J.T., Cann, P., Matouschek, A., Fersht, A.R.: J. Mol. Biol. 224 (1992) 783.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Shortle, D.: Quart. Rev. Biophys. 25 (1992) 205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Shrake, A., Ross, P.D.: Biopolymers 32 (1992) 925.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Straume, M., Freire, E.: Analyt. Biochem. 203 (1992) 259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Zolkiewski, M., Ginsburg, A.: Biochemistry 31 (1992) 11991.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Clarke, J., Fersht, A.R.: Biochemistry 32 (1993) 4322.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Kim, K.-S., Fuchs, J.A., Woodward, C: Biochemistry 32 (1993) 9600.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Kim, K.-S., Woodward, C: Biochemistry 32 (1993) 9609.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Lin, L., Kallenbach, N.R.: Protein Engng. 6 (1993) 18.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Makatadze, G.I., Privalov, P.L.: J. Mol. Biol. 232 (1993) 639.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Matthews, B.: Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62 (1993) 130.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Matthews, B.W.: Current Opinion Struct. Biol. 3 (1993) 589.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Mayo, S.L., Baldwin, R.L.: Science 262 (1993) 873.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Potekhin, S.A.: Biophysics 37 (1993) 41, 227.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Privalov, P.L., Makhatadze, G.I.: J. Mol. Biol. 232 (1993) 660.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Tanaka, A., Flanagan, J., Sturtevant, J.M.: Protein Science 2 (1993) 567.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Bai, Y., Milne, J.S., Mayne, L., Englander, S.W.: Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 20 (1994) 4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Cooper, A., Johnson, CM.: in Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 22: Microscopy, Optical Spectroscopy, and Macroscopic Techniques, ed. Jones, C, Mulloy, B., Thomas A.H., Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ, 1994, pp. 109, 125. 137.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Eftink, M.R.: Biophys. J. 66 (1994) 482.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Freire, E.: Methods Enzymol. 240 (1994) 502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Monera, O.D., Kay, CM., Hodges, R.S.: Protein Sci. 3 (1994) 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Qian, H., Mayo, S.L., Morton, A.: Biochemistry 33 (1994) 8167.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Ramsay, G., Eftink, M.R.: Biophys. J. 66 (1994) 516.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Ramsay, G.D., Eftink, M.R.: Methods Enzymol. 240 (1994) 615.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Straume, M.: Methods Enzymol. 240 (1994) 530.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Yu, Y., Makhatadze, G.I., Pace, C.N., Privalov, P.L.: Biochemistry 33 (1994) 3312.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Freire, E.: in Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 40: Protein Stability and Folding, Theory and Practice, ed. Shirley, B.A., Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ, 1995, pp.1991.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Johnson, CM., Fersht, A.R.: Biochemistry 34 (1995) 6795.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Makhatadze, G.I., Privalov, P.L.: Adv. Protein Chem. 47 (1995) 307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Matthews, B.W.: Adv. Protein Chem. 47 (1995) 249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Myers, J.K., Pace, C.N., Scholtz, J.M.: Protein Sci. 4 (1995) 2138.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Perrett, S., Clarke, J., Hounslow, A.M., Fersht, A.R.: Biochemistry 34 (1995) 9288.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Privalov, G., Kavina, V., Freire, E., Privalov, P.L.: Analyt. Biochem. 232 (1995) 79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Ramsay, G., Ionescu, R., Eftink, M.R.: Biophys. J. 69 (1995) 701.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Scholtz, J.M., Barrick, D., York, E.J., Stewart, J.M., Baldwin, R.L.: Poc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA 92 (1995) 185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Scholtz, J.M., Robertson, A.D.: in Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 40: Protein Stability and Folding, Theory and Practice, ed. Shirley, B.A., Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ, 1995, pp. 291.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  106. Shirley, B.A.: in Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 40: Protein Stability and Folding, Theory and Practice, ed. Shirley, B.A., Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ, 1995, pp. 177.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  107. Shortle, D.: Adv. Protein Chem. 47 (1995) 217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Stites, W.E., Byrne, M.P., Aviv, J., Kaplan, M, Curtis, P.M.: Analyt. Biochem. 227 (1995)112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Terwilliger, T.C.: Adv. Protein Chem. 47 (1995) 177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Yao, M., Bolen, D.W.: Biochemistry 34 (1995) 3771.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Bai, Y., Englander, S.W.: Proteins: Structue, Function, and Genetics 24 (1996) 145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Chamberlain, A.K., Handel, T.M., Marqusee, S.: Nature Struct. Biol. 3 (1996) 782.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Clarke, J., Fersht, A.R.: Folding & Design 1 (1996) 243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Englander, S.W., Sosnick, T.R., Englander, J.J., Mayne, L.: Current Opinion Struct. Biol. 6 (1996) 18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Gupta, R., Yadav, S., Ahmad, F.: Biochemistry 35 (1996) 11925.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Ibarra-Molero, B., Sanchez-Ruiz, J.M.: Biochemistry 35 (1996) 14689.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Nicholson, E.N., Scholtz, J.M.: Biochemistry 35 (1996) 11369.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Smith, J.S., Scholtz, J.M.: Biochemistry 35 (1996) 7292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Clarke, J., Itzhaki, L.S., Fersht, A.R.: Trends Biochem. Sci. 22 (1997) 284.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Holtzer, A.: Biopolymers 42 (1997) 499.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Pfeil, W., Gesierich, U., Kleemann, G.R., Sterner, R.: J. Mol. Biol. 272 (1997) 591.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Plotnikov, V.V., Brandts, J.M., Lin, L.-N., Brandts, J.F.: Analyt. Biochem. 250 (1997)237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2 a, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany

    Professor Dr. W. Pfeil

Authors
  1. Professor Dr. W. Pfeil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pfeil, W. (1998). Introduction. In: Protein Stability and Folding. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58760-3_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58760-3_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-63716-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-58760-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation