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Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Bracken Fern): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Ecdysteroids

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Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI

Part of the book series: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry ((AGRICULTURE,volume 26))

Abstract

The bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn of the family Pteridaceae belongs to the genus Pteridium Scopoli. This genus consists of five closely related species; according to some authors, the genus is monotypical, with only one polymorphous species (Dvořáková 1988). P. aquilinum is a deciduous fern up to 2 m high with stout, cylindrical petioles up to 1 m long, which grow from thick, black, creeping rhizomes. The petioles contain 10 to 20 veins, which form on the cut surface, the characteristic figure being reminiscent of the two-headed heraldic eagle. The rootstock is up to 12 mm thick, each branch usually producing only one leaf per year. Blades are triangular bi-to tripinnate, light green, lanceolate to oblong pinules, lobed at the base, with marginal sori (Fig. 1, Dostál 1989). The sporangia ripen from July to September, and the plant grows gregariously in open woods, on heath and moorland (Dvořáková 1988). This fern and its subspecies are distributed all over the world and it is an important cosmopolitan species (Toman and Felix 1978), appearing mostly in light acidophilic (often pine) forests on silicate substrates. Bracken has been known since 1753 (Dvořáková 1988) under the synonymum Pteris aquilina (L.), or Allosorus aquilinus (L.) C. since 1836 other synonyms include Pteris brevipes (Tausch 1836), or Eupteris aquilina (L.) (Newman 1845).

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  1. Department of Natural Products, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic

    T. Vaněk

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    Y. P. S. Bajaj

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Macek, T., Vaněk, T. (1994). Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Bracken Fern): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Ecdysteroids. In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 26. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57970-7_20

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