Abstract
This chapter presents ideas for the development of asecurity partnership in the Mediterranean. First, it explains the concept cooperative security (15.2) as distinct from other concepts such as mutual security, common security or non-offensive defence (NOD). Mutual and common security describe the interdependent nature of security, emphasising that there are global dangers, in particular nuclear weapons, which constitute a clear risk to the security of all states that require cooperative approaches (15.3). Several conceptual explorations were made during the 1980’s and the beginning of the 1990’s (Palme 1982; Smoke 1991; Väyrynen 1985) that include descriptive and prescriptive elements. They may be distinguished from unilateral approaches defended by realism, although they do not abandon all realist principles and policies due to the importance they give to military means in the security domain. Common security accepts the concept of deterrence but adds the concept of reassurance to the relations among states. Regarding non-offensive defence the proponents maintain that NOD:
would provide the solution to the problems of war prevention and disarmament in a post nuclear setting by minimizing the capabilities, as well as the incentives, for waging wars of aggression without any need for a nuclear Damocles sword; and, by virtue thereof, by increasing the margin of unilateral arms builddown, facilitating arms control and disarmament (Møller 1992: xii).
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Nolan (1994: 10) maintained that the envisioned cooperative security arrangement consists of five key elements: 1. The establishment of strict controls and security measures for nuclear forces, building on agreements of the recent past. 2. A regime for the conversion of defence industries whose excess capability could lead to unwarranted global weapons proliferation and thus exacerbates international instability. 3. Cooperative agreements regulating the size and composition of forces to emphasise defensive configuration and also to restrict the flow of dangerous technologies. 4. Articulation of an internationally supported concept of effective and legitimate intervention in which the use of force is always multilateral and elected only as a last resort. 5. The promotion of transparency and mutual interaction as the basis for monitoring agreed upon constraints, including those on the diffusion of advanced technologies.
This chapter does not deal with the debates between neorealists and neoliberals after the end of the Cold War (Baldwin 1993). It presents different approaches to international cooperation to clarify the cooperative security approach.
However, “contingent realists” like Glaser (1994/95: 50–90) are more cautious, claiming that there are different situations and contingencies in which adversaries can achieve their security objectives through cooperation.
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© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Marquina, A. (2003). From Cooperative Security to Security Partnership in the Mediterranean. In: Brauch, H.G., Liotta, P.H., Marquina, A., Rogers, P.F., Selim, M.ES. (eds) Security and Environment in the Mediterranean. Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55854-2_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55854-2_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62479-7
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