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Amino Acid Transport Studies in Brain Tumors

  • Chapter
Molecular Nuclear Medicine

Abstract

Amino acids are important biological substrates that play crucial roles in virtually all biological processes. These ionic nutrients serve not only as basic modules of proteins and hormones but also as neurotransmitters, synaptic modulators, and neurotransmitter precursors. Transfer of amino acids across the hydrophobic domain of the plasma membrane is mediated by proteins that recognize, bind, and transport them from the extracellular medium into the cell, or vice versa. In the early 1960s different substrate-specific transport systems for amino acids in mammalian cells were identified (Christensen 1990). General properties of mammalian amino acid transporters were revealed, such as stereospecificity and broad substrate specificity (i.e., several amino acids share the same transport system). Functional criteria such as the type of amino acid (e.g., basic, acidic) or thermodynamic properties (energy dependence of transport) were used to classify amino acid transporters. This functional classification has been retained to date, since structural information on amino acid transporters is incomplete. The molecular identification of amino acid transporters or related proteins started in the early 1990s, and studies on the structure-function relationship and the molecular genetics of the pathology associated with these transporters has gained considerable interest.

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Authors
  1. Karl-Josef Langen
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Wannental 45, 88131, Lindau, Germany

    Ludwig E. Feinendegen M.D. (Professor Emeritus Nuclear Medicine) (Professor Emeritus Nuclear Medicine)

  2. Radiology and Medicine SUNY, Stonybrook, USA

    Walton W. Shreeve M.D., Ph.D. (Professor Emeritus) (Professor Emeritus)

  3. Medical Department Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA

    Walton W. Shreeve M.D., Ph.D. (Professor Emeritus) (Professor Emeritus)

  4. National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bldg. 10, Rm 1C401 10 Center Drive, MSC 1180, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1180, USA

    William C. Eckelman Ph. D. (Chief PET Department) (Chief PET Department)

  5. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sung-Ae General Hospital, Shingil-1-Dong, Youngdungpo-Gu, Seoul, 121-200, Korea

    Yong-Whee Bahk M.D., Ph.D. (Professor Emeritus (CUK) and Director) (Professor Emeritus (CUK) and Director)

  6. Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2179, USA

    Henry N. Wagner Jr. M. D.

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Langen, KJ. (2003). Amino Acid Transport Studies in Brain Tumors. In: Feinendegen, L.E., Shreeve, W.W., Eckelman, W.C., Bahk, YW., Wagner, H.N. (eds) Molecular Nuclear Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55539-8_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55539-8_21

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