Abstract
Regarding the patellar instability and patellar dislocation, several aspects should be considered such as the anatomy of patella and trochlea, the congruency of the joint surfaces, the quadriceps muscle force transition, and surrounding tissue’s mechanical features. The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is an important mechanical factor in knee stabilization. A conventional concept that the MPFL does not exist in all knees [1, 2] is challenged by recent studies which states that the MPFL is one of the medial retinacula structures extending from medial border of patella to proximal region of femoral epicondyle, contributing most lateral restraining force [3–6].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Conlan T, Garth Jr WP, Lemons JE. Evaluation of the medial soft-tissue restraints of the extensor mechanism of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75(5):682–93.
Reider B, Marshall JL, Ring B. Patellar tracking. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981;157:143–8.
Desio SM, Burks RT, Bachus KN. Soft tissue restraints to lateral patellar translation in the human knee. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(1):59–65.
Hautamaa PV, Fithian DC, Kaufman KR, et al. Medial soft tissue restraints in lateral patellar instability and repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;349:174–82.
Nomura E, Horiuchi Y, Kihara M. Medial patellofemoral ligament restraint in lateral patellar translation and reconstruction. Knee. 2000;7(2):121–7.
Panagiotopoulos E, Strzelczyk P, Herrmann M, et al. Cadaveric study on static medial patellar stabilizers: the dynamizing role of the vastus medialis obliquus on medial patellofemoral ligament. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14(1):7–12.
Farahmand F, Senavongse W, Amis AA. Quantitative study of the quadriceps muscles and trochlear groove geometry related to instability of the patellofemoral joint. J Orthop Res. 1998;16:136–43.
Fulkerson JP, Gossling HR. Anatomy of the knee joint lateral retinaculum. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980;153:183–8.
Warren LF, Marshall JL. The supporting structures and layers on the medial side of the knee: an anatomical analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979;61(1):56–62.
Baldwin JL. The anatomy of the medial patellofemoral ligament. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(12):2355–61.
Steensen RN, Dopirak RM, McDonald 3rd WG. The anatomy and isometry of the medial patellofemoral ligament: implications for reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(6):1509–13.
Amis AA, Firer P, Mountney J, et al. Anatomy and biomechanics of the medial patellofemoral ligament. Knee. 2003;10(3):215–20.
Dirim B, Haghighi P, Trudell D, et al. Medial patellofemoral ligament: cadaveric investigation of anatomy with MRI, MR arthrography, and histologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191(2):490–8.
Nomura E, Inoue M, Osada N. Anatomical analysis of the medial patellofemoral ligament of the knee, especially the femoral attachment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005;13(7):510–5.
Smirk C, Morris H. The anatomy and reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament. Knee. 2003;10(3):221–7.
Tuxøe JI, Teir M, Winge S, et al. The medial patellofemoral ligament: a dissection study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2002;10(3):138–40.
Feller JA, Feagin Jr JA, Garrett Jr WE. The medial patellofemoral ligament revisited: an anatomical study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1993;1(3–4):184–6.
Philippot R, Chouteau J, Wegrzyn J, et al. Medial patellofemoral ligament anatomy: implications for its surgical reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009;17(5):475–9.
Mountney J, Senavongse W, Amis AA, et al. Tensile strength of the medial patellofemoral ligament before and after repair or reconstruction. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(1):36–40.
Hungerford DS, Barry M. Biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;(144):9–15.
Heegaard J, Leyvraz PF, Van Kampen A, et al. Influence of soft structures on patellar three-dimensional tracking. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;299:235–43.
Bicos J, Fulkerson JP, Amis A, et al. The medial patellofemoral ligament. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(3):484–92.
Kang HJ, Wang F, Chen BC, et al. Functional bundles of the medial patellofemoral ligament. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010;18(11):1511–6.
Victor J, Wong P, Witvrouw E, et al. How isometric are the medial patellofemoral, superficial medial collateral, and lateral collateral ligaments of the knee? Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(10):2028–36.
Elias JJ, Cosgarea AJ. Technical errors during medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction could overload medial patellofemoral cartilage: a computational analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(9):1478–85.
Higuchi T, Arai Y, Takamiya H, et al. An analysis of the medial patellofemoral ligament length change pattern using open-MRI. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010;18(11):1470–5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 ISAKOS
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zhang, S., Oka, S., Kuroda, R., Kurosaka, M. (2014). Anatomy and Biomechanics of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament. In: Gobbi, A., Espregueira-Mendes, J., Nakamura, N. (eds) The Patellofemoral Joint. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54965-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54965-6_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54964-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54965-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)