Reduction (fewer animals), refinement (less severe procedures), and replacement (in-vitro alternatives) of animal experiments, first proposed by Russel and Burch in 1959.
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(2016). Three Rs. In: Vohr, HW. (eds) Encyclopedia of Immunotoxicology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54596-2_201464
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