Abstract
Allelism has been found in human glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes of the alpha, mu, theta and pi families with the best characterised examples being those in mu class GSTM1 and theta class GSTT1. Isoenzymes encoded by these genes catalyse the detoxification of various reactive toxic and mutagenic compounds including epoxides resulting from the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as well as lipid and DNA products of oxidative stress (Hayes and Strange, 1995, Smith et al, 1995). Homozygosity for null alleles or those encoding low activity variants are likely therefore, to be associated with a biochemical consequence. However, while accumulating evidence suggests the importance of different GST, it remains unclear precisely which in vivo processes are influenced by these polymorphisms. In this chapter we discuss firstly, a new polymorphism in GSTM3 and secondly, the role of GST polymorphisms in determining cancer susceptibility with particular reference to allelism at GSTMI, GSTT1 and GSTM3 and their interactions with cytochrome P450 (CYP) genotypes in basal cell carcinoma of skin (BCC).
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Abbreviations
- GST:
-
glutathione S-transferase
- CYP:
-
cytochrome P450
- BCC :
-
basal cell carcinoma
- UV:
-
ultraviolet radiation
- ROS:
-
reactive oxygen species
- OR:
-
odds ratio
- RR:
-
rate ratio
- HR:
-
hazard ratio.
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© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Strange, R.C., Lear, J.T., Fryer, A.A. (1998). Polymorphism in Glutathione S-Transferase Loci as a Risk Factor for Common Cancers. In: Seiler, J.P., Autrup, J.L., Autrup, H. (eds) Diversification in Toxicology — Man and Environment. Archives of Toxicology, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46856-8_37
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46856-8_37
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