Skip to main content

Intelligenzminderung

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

  • 1389 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Intelligenzminderung (IM) ist keine Krankheit, doch Menschen mit einer IM erkranken über die gesamte Lebensspanne deutlich häufiger sowohl an psychischen als auch somatischen Störungen. Der Verhaltensphänotyp unterliegt entwicklungsabhängig teils gravierenden Veränderungen, über die bis dato nur wenig bekannt ist. Trotz aller Bemühungen, die Teilhabe von Menschen mit geistiger und Mehrfachbehinderung am gesellschaftlichen Leben zu verbessern, sie zu integrieren, in Zukunft auch zu inkludieren, bedürfen sie besonders empathischer Aufmerksamkeit, Unterstützung, Begleitung, Förderung und nicht zuletzt auch einer ganzheitlichen effektiven gesundheitlichen Versorgung sowie eines uneingeschränkten gleichberechtigten Zugang zu allen Leistungen des Gesundheits- und Sozialsystems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Aichele V (2008) Die UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention und ihr Fakultativprotokoll. Deutsches Institut für Menschenrechte, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman MG, Singh NN (1986) Aberrant behavior checklist: manual. Slosson Educational Publications, East Aurora

    Google Scholar 

  • AWMF Leitlinie (2015) 2 k „Intelligenzminderung“. http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/028-042.html

  • Baumeister AA, Todd ME, Sevin JA (1993) Efficacy and specifity of pharmacological therapies for behavioral disorders in persons with mental retardation. Clin Neuropharmacology 16:271–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Beier KM, Bosinski HAG, Hartmann U, Loewit K (2001) Sexualmedizin. Grundlagen und Praxis. Urban und Fischer, München

    Google Scholar 

  • Branford D (1994) A study of the prescribing for people with learning disabilities living in the community and in National Health Service care. J Intellect Disabil Res 38:577–586

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Branford D, Bhaumik S, Naik B (1998) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of perseverative and maladaptive behaviours of people with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 42:301–306

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buitelaar JK, van der Gaag RJ, Cohen-Kettenis P, Melman CT (2001) A randomized controlled trial of risperidone in the treatment of aggression in hospitalized adolescents with subaverage cognitive abilities. J Clin Psychiatry 62:239–248

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman SLC, Wu LT (2012) Substance abuse among individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil 33:1147–1156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ching H, Pringsheim T (2012) Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5:CD009043

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conod L, Servais L (2008) Sexual life in subjects with intellectual disability. Salud Publica Mex 50(Suppl 2):S230–238

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper SA, Smiley E, Morrison J et al (2007) Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence and associated factors. Br J Psychiatry 190:27–35

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Kuijper G, Hoekstra P, Visser F et al (2010) Use of antipsychotic drugs in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) in the Netherlands: prevalence and reasons for prescription. J Intellect Disabil Res 54:659–667

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deb S, Unwin GL (2007) Psychotropic medication for behaviour problems in people with intellectual disability: a review of the current literature. Curr Opin Psychiatry 20:461–466

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deb S, Thomas M, Bright C (2001) Mental disorder in adults with intellectual disability. 2: the rate of behaviour disorders among a community-based population aged between 16 and 64 years. J Intellect Disabil Res 45:506–514

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deb S, Kwok H, Bertelli M, Salvador-Carulla L, Bradley E, Torr J, Barnhill J, for the Guideline Development Group of the WPA Section on Psychiatry of intellectual disability (2009) International guide to prescribing psychotropic medication for the management of problem behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities. World Psychiatry 8:181–186

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • deLeon J, Greenlee B, Barber J et al (2009) Practical guidelines for the use of new generation antipsychotic drugs (except clozapine) in adult individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil 30:613–669

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dosen A (1997) Psychische Störungen bei geistig behinderten Menschen. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • DSM-5 (2013) http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/Intellectual%20Disability%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf

  • Emerson E (2003) Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 47:51–58

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson E, Einfeld S, Stancliffe RJ (2010) The mental health of young children with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning. Soc Psychiat Epidemiol 45:579–587

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engel C, Szrama E, Häßler F (2010) Die psychopharmakologische Therapie von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung – Ein Vergleich der Jahre 1991 und 2005. Psychiatr Prax 37:391–396

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fegert JM (2005) Ethik, Patientenrechte von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung. In: Häßler F, Fegert JM (Hrsg) Geistige Behinderung und seelische Gesundheit. Schattauer, Stuttgart, S 49–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaese F (2006) Psychiatrische Diagnostik und Therapie bei Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung im Erwachsenenalter-Vorstellung eines spezialisierten Behandlungsangebotes am Bezirkskrankenhaus Haar. In: Frank R (Hrsg) Geistige Behinderung. Lambertus, Freiburg i.B., S 245–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagiano C, Read S, Thorpe L et al (2005) Short and long-term efficacy and safety of risperidone in adults with disruptive behaviour disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 179:629–636

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gécz J, Shoubridge C, Corbett M (2009) The genetic landscape of intellectual disability arising from chromosome X. Trends Genet 25:308–316

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gust DA, Wang SA, Grot J (2003) National survey of sexual behavior and sexual behavior policies in facilities for individuals with mental retardation/developmental disabilities. Am J Ment Retard 5:365–373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Häßler F (1998) Psychopharmakatherapie bei geistig Behinderten. Psychopharmakotherapie 5:76–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Häßler F (2009) Polypharmazie in der Behandlung von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung. In: Messer T, Schmauß M (Hrsg) Polypharmazie in der Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen. Springer, Wien, S 119–136

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Häßler F (2011) Intelligenzminderung. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, S 110–115

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Häßler F, Fegert JM (2009) Geistige Behinderung und Minderbegabung. In: Fegert JM, Streeck-Fischer A, Freyberger HJ (Hrsg) Adoleszentenpsychiatrie. Schattauer, Stuttgart, S 457–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Häßler F, Reis O (2010) Pharmacotherapy of disruptive behaviour in mentally retarded subjects: a review of the current literature. Dev Disbail Res Rev 16:265–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Häßler F, Glaser T, Beneke M et al (2007) Zuclopenthixol in adults with intellectual disabilities and aggressive behaviours. Br J Psychiatry 190:447–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Häßler F, Glaser T, Pap AF et al (2008) A double-blind placebo-controlled discontinuation study of Zuclopenthixol fort he treatment of aggressive disruptive behaviours in adults with mental retaddation-scondary parameter analyses. Pharmacopsychiatry 41:232–239

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Häßler F, Dück A, Jung M, Reis O (2014a) The treatment of aggressive behavior problems in boys with intellectual disabilities using zuclopenthixol. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 24(10):579–581

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Häßler F, Thome J, Reis O (2014b) Polypharmacy in the treatment of subjects with intellectual disabilities. J Neural Transm. doi:10.1007/s00702-014-1219-x

    Google Scholar 

  • Helmchen H (1999) Psychiatrie und Ethik: die Deklaration von Madrid. In: Fegert JM, Häßler F, Rothärmel S (Hrsg) Atyptische Neuroleptika in der Jugendpsychiatrie. Schattauer, Stuttgart, S 21–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennicke K, Buscher M, Häßler F, Roosen-Runge G (2009) Psychische Störungen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Intelligenminderung. S1-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie e.V. (DGKJP). Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes N, Shah A, Wing L (1982) The disability assessment schedule: a brief screening device for use with the mentally retarded. Psychol Med 12:879–890

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huovinen K (1993) Gynecological problems of mentally retarded women: a case-control study from southern Finland. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 72:475–480

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hurwitz R, Blackmore R, Hazell P, Williams K, Woolfenden S (2012) Tricyclic antidepressants for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD008372

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Irblich D, Stahl B (Hrsg) (2003) Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung. Hogrefe, Göttingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Janowsky DS, Shetty M, Barnhill J et al (2005) Serotonergic antidepressant effects on aggression, self-injurious and destructive/disruptive behaviours in intellectually disabled adults: a retrospective, open-label, naturalistic trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 8:37–48

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ji NY, Findling RL (2015) An update on pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents. Curr Opin Psychiatry 28:91–101

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kay SR, Wolkenfield F, Murril LM (1988) Profiles of aggression among psychiatric patients. J Nerv Ment Dis 176:539–546

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kepper A, Monshouwer K, van Dorsselaer S, Vollebergh W (2011) Substance use by adolescents in special education and residential youth care institutions. Eur Child Adolesc Psychtr 20:311–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishef CH, DiNitto DM (1981) Alcohol abuse among mentally retarded individuals. Ment Retard 19:151–155

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis MH, Bodfish JW, Powell SB, Golden RN (1995) Clomipramine treatment for stereotype and related repetitive movenment disorders associated with mental retardation. Am J Psychiatry 100:299–312

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcus RN, Owen R, Kamen L et al (2009) A placebo-controlled, fi XEd-dose study of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with irritability associated with autistic disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 48:1110–1119

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maulik M, Mascarenhas MN, Mathers CD et al (2011) Prevalence of intellectual disabilities: a meta-analysis of population-based studies. Res Dev Disabil 32:419–436

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy J, Hemmings C, Kravariti E et al (2010) Challenging behavior and co-morbid psychopathology in adults with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. Res Dev Disabil 31(2):362–366

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCracken JT, Mc Gough J, Shah B, the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network et al (2002) Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problems. N Engl J Med 347:314–321

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meins W, Auwetter J, Krausz M, Turnier Y (1993) Behandlung mit Psychopharmaka in unterschiedlichen Einrichtungen für geistig Behinderte. Nervenarzt 64:451–455

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melchers P, Melchers M (2015) K-ABC II. Pearson Assessment & Information, Frankfurt

    Google Scholar 

  • Melchers P, Preuß U (2006) K-ABC. Kaufman-assessment battery for children, 6. Aufl. PITS, Leiden

    Google Scholar 

  • Melchers P, Schürmann S, Scholten S (2006) Kaufman-Test zur Intelligenzmessung für Jugendliche und Erwachsene. PITS, Leiden

    Google Scholar 

  • Moeschler JB, Shevell M (2014) Committee on genetics. Comprehensive evaluation of the child with intellectual disability or global developmental delays. Pediatrics 134:e903–e918

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Najmabadi H, Hu H, Garshasbi M et al (2011) Deep sequencing reveals 50 novel genes for recessive cognitive disorders. Nature 478:57–63

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neuhäuser G, Steinhausen HC, Häßler F, Sarimski K (Hrsg) (2013) Geistige Behinderung. Grundlagen, Erscheinungsformen und klinische Probleme, Behandlung, Rehabilitation und rechtliche Aspekte, 4. Aufl. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Niedecken D (1999) The „organisation“ of mental retardation. In: De Groef J, Heinemann E (Hrsg) Psychoanalysis and mental handicap. Free Association Books, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen R, Sikich L, Marcus RN et al (2009) Aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability in children and adolescents with autistic disorder. Pediatrics 124:1533–1540

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petermann F (2009) WPPSI-III. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – III. Deutsche Version. Pearson Assessment & Information, Frankfurt

    Google Scholar 

  • Petermann F (2012) WAIS-IV. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition. Deutschsprachige Adaptation der WAIS-IV von D. Wechsler. Pearson Assessment & Information, Frankfurt

    Google Scholar 

  • Petermann F, Petermann U (2011) WISC-IV, deutsche Bearbeitung

    Google Scholar 

  • Reuner G, Rosenkranz J, Pietz J, Horn R (2008) Bayley II. Bayley scales of infant development, 2. Aufl – Deutsche Fassung, 2. korrigierte Aufl. Frankfurt: Pearson Assessment & Information

    Google Scholar 

  • Rojahn J, Matson J, Lott D et al (2001) The behavior problems inventory: an instrument fort the assessment of self-injury, stereotyped behaviour, and aggression/destruction in individuals with developmental disabilities. J Autism Dev Disord 31:577–588

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ropers HH (2006) X-linked mental retardation: many genes for a complex disorder. Curr Opin Genet Dev 16:260–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross E, Oliver C (2003) Preliminary analysis of the psychometric properties of the Mood, Interest & Pleasure Questionnaire (MIPQ) for adults with severe and profound learning disabilities. Brit J Clin Psychol 42:81–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santosh PJ, Baird G (1999) Psychopharmacotherapy in children and adults with intellectual disability. Lancet 354:233–242

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheifes A, Stolker JJ, Egberts ACG, Nijman HLI, Heerdink ER (2011) Representation of people with intellectual disabilities in randomized controlled trials on antipsychotic treatment for behavioural problems. J Intellect Disabil Res 55:650–664

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seidel M (2005) Die Internationale Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit. Nervenarzt 76:79–92

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siebelink EM, deJong MDT, Taal E, Roelvink L (2006) Sexuality and people with intellectual disabilities: assessment of knowledge, attitudes, experiences, and needs. Ment Retard 44:283–294

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh AN, Matson JL, Cooper CL et al (2005) The use of risperidone among individuals with mental retardation: clinically supported or not? Res Dev Disabil 26:203–218

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB) (2001) Neuntes Buch (IX) – Rehabilitation und Teilhabe behinderter Menschen (Artikel 1 des Gesetzes v. 19.06.2001, BGBl. I S 1046)

    Google Scholar 

  • Spreat S, Conroy J, Jones J (1997) Use of psychotropic medication in Oklahoma: a statewide survey. Am J Ment Retard 102:80–85

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spreat S, Conroy JW, Fullerton A (2004) Statewide longitudinal survey of psychotropic medication use for persons with mental retardation: 1994 to 2000. Am J Ment Retard 109:322–331

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stolker JJ, Koedoot PJ, Heerdink ER et al (2002) Psychotropic drug use in intellectually disabled group-home residents with behavioural problems. Pharmacopsychiatry 35:19–23

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Symons FJ, Thompson A, Rodriguez MC (2004) Self-injurious behavior and the efficacy of naltrexone: a quantitative synthesis. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 10:193–200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarjan G (1966) Cinderella and the prince: mental retardation and community psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 122:1056–1059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tellegen PJ, Laros JA, Petermann F (2007) SON-R 2½-7. Non-verbaler Intelligenztest. Hogrefe, Göttingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Tellegen PJ, Laros JA, Petermann F (2012) SON 6–40. Non-verbaler Intelligenztest. Hogrefe, Göttingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsiouris JA, Kim SY, Brown WT et al (2013) Prevalence of psychotropic drug use in adults with intellectual disability: positive and negative findings from a large scale study. J Autism Dev Disord 43:719–731

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tyrer P, Oliver-Africana PC, Ahmed Z et al (2008) Risperidone, haloperidol, and placebo in the treatment of aggressive challenging behaviour in patients with intellectual disability: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 371:57–63

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Bokkoven H (2011) Genetic and Epigenetic Networks in Intellectual Disabilities. Annu Rev Genet 45:81–104 (Volume publication date December 2011) First published online as a Review in Advance on September 9, 2011, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110410–132512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber G, Fritsch A, Kaudela B (2000) PAS-ADD Checklist (dt. Bearbeitung). Psychologisches Institut, Wien

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendt S (2003) Rehabilitation und Pflege für geistig behinderte Menschen – gesetzliche Grundlagen. In: Neuhäuser G, Steinhausen HC (Hrsg) Geistige Behinderung. Grundlagen, Klinische Syndrome, Behandlung und Rehabilitation, 3. Aufl. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, S 325–342

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (Hrsg) (2001) International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF. WHO, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Willemsen-Swinkels SHN, Buitelaar JK, Nijhof GJ, van Engeland H (1995) Failure of naltrexone hydrochloridee to reduce self-injurious and autistic behavior in mentally retarded adults: Double-blind placebo-controlled studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52:766–777

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams K, Brignell A, Randall M, Silove N, Hazell P (2013) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for autism spectrum disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8:CD004677

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zemp A (2002) Sexualisierte Gewalt gegen Menschen mit Behinderung in Institutionen. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 51:610–625

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Frank Häßler .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Häßler, F. (2015). Intelligenzminderung. In: Möller, HJ., Laux, G., Kapfhammer, HP. (eds) Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_81-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_81-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-45028-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Referenz Medizin

Publish with us

Policies and ethics