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Enzymes in Terfezia claveryi Ascocarps

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Desert Truffles

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 38))

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of the properties of several enzymes, included in the classes oxidoreductases (tyrosinase and lipoxygenase) and hydrolases (esterase and phosphatase), that were isolated from ascocarps of the desert truffle Terfezia claveryi Chatin. T. claveryi tyrosinase catalyzes the oxidation of monophenols (monophenolase activity) and their subsequent oxidation to o-quinones (diphenolase activity). This enzyme is one of the few fully latent tyrosinases characterized to date. Lipoxygenase uses molecular oxygen in the oxidation of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids, thus initiating the biosynthesis of oxylipins. Substrate and product specificity of a lipoxygenase, purified to apparent homogeneity from T. claveryi ascocarps, is reported. An enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters was also detected. The results obtained with different assays lead us to conclude that the enzyme responsible for this activity was an esterase and not a lipase. Both acid and alkaline phosphatases were present in the crude extract of T. claveryi ascocarps, alkaline phosphatase being the main one. The clear color of T. claveryi ascocarps permitted the direct localization of several enzymatic activities (esterase, alkaline phosphatase, and tyrosinase) in situ after incubating T. claveryi sections with the appropriate substrate. The main methods used to partially purify and characterize these enzymes are briefly described.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by projects BIO2010-22225-C02-01 and CGL2011-29816 (MINECO-FEDER) and Project 04541/GERM/06 (Fundación Séneca, Región de Murcia, Spain).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain

    Manuela Pérez-Gilabert & Francisco García-Carmona

  2. Dpto. Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain

    Asunción Morte

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  1. Manuela Pérez-Gilabert
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  2. Francisco García-Carmona
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  3. Asunción Morte
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Correspondence to Manuela Pérez-Gilabert .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Life Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Varda Kagan-Zur

  2. Life Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Nurit Roth-Bejerano

  3. Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Yaron Sitrit

  4. Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain

    Asunción Morte

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Pérez-Gilabert, M., García-Carmona, F., Morte, A. (2014). Enzymes in Terfezia claveryi Ascocarps. In: Kagan-Zur, V., Roth-Bejerano, N., Sitrit, Y., Morte, A. (eds) Desert Truffles. Soil Biology, vol 38. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40096-4_16

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