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Effect of the Structures of Ionic Liquids on Their Physical Chemical Properties

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Structures and Interactions of Ionic Liquids

Part of the book series: Structure and Bonding ((STRUCTURE,volume 151))

Abstract

ILs are referred to as “designer solvents” [1], and one of their most important advantages is that their properties can be tuned/controlled by tailoring their structures. To do this, however, it is crucial to assume that ILs are solvents of which the local structural (that is, electronic and steric) features may be correlated with their properties and then deal with the effect of their cation and anion structures in altering the related properties. This is exactly the subject of this chapter. The structural factors of the cations are focused on the status of alkylation of H atoms on the ring and tail groups (the polar/nonpolar character, the chain length and its flexibility, the cyclic and branched structures, and the functional tail group). The anion characters include the symmetry, the size, the charge delocalization either by large volume of the central atom or by the presence of the perfluoroalkyl chain, the chain length and its flexibility, and the functional group. The general patterns through which the examined properties vary on changing the cation and anion structures are explored and the reasons behind the trends are briefly discussed on the basis of the structural effect on the interactions between the counterpart ions.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and High-Pressure Fluid Phase Behavior & Property Research Laboratory, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China

    Yufeng Hu & Xiaoming Peng

Authors
  1. Yufeng Hu
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  2. Xiaoming Peng
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yufeng Hu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex System, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

    Suojiang Zhang

  2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Enginee, Henan Normal University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media a, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China

    Jianji Wang

  3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

    Xingmei Lu

  4. Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

    Qing Zhou

Glossary of Abbreviations

Abbreviations

Full Names

IL

Ionic liquid

[C n mim]+

1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium

[2-MeC n mim]+

1-Alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium

[2-MeC n im]+

1-Alkyl-2-methylimidazolium

[C10C10im]+

1,3-Didecylimidazolium

[(C2)2im]+

1,3-Diethylimidazolium

[C n im]+

1-Alkyllimidazolium

[2-EtC2mim]+

1,2-Diethyl-3-methylimidazolium

[C n (C2im)2]+

α, ω-Diimidazoliumethylene

[(C n )2im]+

1,3-Dialkylimidazolium

[C4C2im]+

1-Butyl-3-ethylimidazolium

[i-C3mim]+

1-iso-Propyl-3-methylimidazolium

[C n Isoq]+

N-Alkyl-isoquinolinium

[M5I]+

Pentamethylimidazolium

[P1,n ]+

n-Alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium

[C n Py]+

1-Alkyl-pyridinium

[C n -3-MePy]+

1-Alkyl-3-methylpyridinium

[C n -4-MePy]+

1-Alkyl-4-methylpyridinium

[\( {{\mathrm{ N}}_{{{n_1},{n_2},{n_3},{n_4}}}} \)]+

Quaternary ammonium

[HC ≡ CCH2mim]+

1-(2-Propynyl)-3-methylimidazolium

[CH3CH(OH)CH2mim]+

1-(2-Hydroxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium

[(CH2)2OHmim]+

1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium

[CF3CH2mim]+

1-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)-3-methylimidazolium

[NC(CH2) n mim]+

1-Alkylnitrile-3-methylimidazolium

[PEG n mim]+

1-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl) n -3-methylimidazolium

[PEG n C3im]+

1-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl) n -3-propylimidazolium

[CF3(CH2)2mim]+

1-Methyl-3-trifluoropropylimidazolium

[NC(CH2)3Py]+

N-Butyronitrile pyridinium

[Ph(CH2) n mim]+

1-(ω-Phenylalkyl)-3-methylimidazolium

[AuCl4]−

Tetrachloroaurate

[AlCl4]−

Tetrachloroaluminate

[TA]−

Trifluoroacetate

[HB]−

Heptafluorobutanoates

[BETI]−

Bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide

[AcO]−

Acetate

[Barf]−

Tetrakis[p-dimethyl(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silylphenyl]-borate

[SbF6]−

Hexafluoroantimonate

[AsF6]−

Hexafluoroarsenate

[BPh4]−

Tetraphenylborate

[NfO]−

Nonaflate

[TfO]−

Trifluoromethanesulfonate

[Tf2N]−

Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

[DCA]−

Dicyanamide

[Sac]−

Saccharinate

[Me]−

Tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide

[N(CH3SO2)2]−

Bis(methane sulfonyl)amide

[CB11H12]−

Carborane

[1-C n CB11H11]−

1-Alkylcarborane

[(C2F5)3PF3]−

Tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate

[(n-C3F7)3PF3]−

Tris(heptafluoropropyl)trifluorophosphate

[C n BF3]−

Alkyltrifluoroborate

[CH2 = CHBF3]−

Vinyltrifluoroborate

[C1F3-BF3]−

Trifluoromethyltrifluoroborate

[C2F5-BF3]−

Pentafluoroethyltrifluoroborate

[C3F7-BF3]−

Heptafluoropropyltrifluoroborate

[C4F9-BF3]−

Nonafluorobutyltrifluoroborate

[CF2 = CFBF3]−

Trifluorovinyltrifluoroborate

[C(CN)3]−

Tricyanomethanide

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Hu, Y., Peng, X. (2014). Effect of the Structures of Ionic Liquids on Their Physical Chemical Properties. In: Zhang, S., Wang, J., Lu, X., Zhou, Q. (eds) Structures and Interactions of Ionic Liquids. Structure and Bonding, vol 151. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38619-0_5

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