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Mashups Live on Standards

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Semantic Mashups

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Abstract

Mashups integrate web services from pre-existing resources, often submitting them to an unforeseen secondary use. This can only succeed if standards, specifications or other types of regulation are maintained. A good understanding of standards helps mashups and their developers along. The chapter illustrates how web standards are organized and takes its readers through a parade of selected standards. Since standardization is a moderately organized environment, standards and their relatives (specifications, APIs, guidelines) are grouped from a users’ point of view, depending on their usages in mashups: web communication, data organization, content types, web queries, and interfaces. As one may assume standards thrive in cultured web land and are poor or lacking in widely uncharted areas. Application examples are included from time to time. The standards review remains open-ended, but it draws the attention of its readers/users to an important and often neglected issue of their work. Some readers may find hints that directly help during mashup creation. All discussed entities come with their URL references (checked on 19/20-04-2012, a few ones on 20/23-09-2012).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Full version at http://linkeddata-specs.info/.

  2. 2.

    From http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/standards.png.

  3. 3.

    http://www.ietf.org.

  4. 4.

    This and more on http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/.

  5. 5.

    http://www.webstandards.org/.

  6. 6.

    http://www.iso.org/iso/home.htm.

  7. 7.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML, brief overview at http://www.yourhtmlsource.com/starthere/historyofhtml.html.

  8. 8.

    http://www.din.de/.

  9. 9.

    http://www.itu.int/en/Pages/default.aspx.

  10. 10.

    http://www.w3.org/.

  11. 11.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/webcgm/.

  12. 12.

    http://www.ecma-international.org/default.htm.

  13. 13.

    http://www.osgi.org/About/HomePage.

  14. 14.

    http://www.oasis-open.org/.

  15. 15.

    See Apache list on http://projects.apache.org/indexes/standards.html.

  16. 16.

    http://www.openformats.org/main.

  17. 17.

    See standards store at http://www.techstreet.com/ieeegate.html.

  18. 18.

    http://www.ansi.org/.

  19. 19.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3.

  20. 20.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/.

  21. 21.

    Cloud standards list on http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-cloud-computing/bin/view/CloudComputing/StandardsInventory. Active cloud standard committees are found on http://cloud-standards.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page.

  22. 22.

    http://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/publ/papers/guinard_epcCloud.pdf.

  23. 23.

    http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/socialweb/XGR-socialweb-20101206/.

  24. 24.

    http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3.

  25. 25.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3.

  26. 26.

    http://www.w3.org/DOM/.

  27. 27.

    http://www.jdom.org/.

  28. 28.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System.

  29. 29.

    Overview in http://www.w3.org/Protocols/, for original IETF RFC see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616.

  30. 30.

    http://www.ics.uci.edu/~taylor/documents/2002-REST-TOIT.pdf.

  31. 31.

    Good introduction: http://rest.elkstein.org/.

  32. 32.

    http://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/publ/papers/dguinard-rest-vs-ws.pdf.

  33. 33.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-SOAP-20000508/.

  34. 34.

    http://www.w3schools.com/soap/default.asp.

  35. 35.

    Already in 2002 Amit Asaravala advocated giving SOAP a REST—http://www.devx.com/DevX/Article/8155.

  36. 36.

    http://www.soapuser.com/index.html.

  37. 37.

    http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification.

  38. 38.

    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4287.

  39. 39.

    More detail at http://www.rgagnon.com/javadetails/java-0556.html.

  40. 40.

    From http://www.rgagnon.com/javadetails/java-0608.html, see also http://www.w3schools.com/rss/.

  41. 41.

    http://xmpp.org.

  42. 42.

    http://fyi.oreilly.com/2009/05/what-can-you-do-with-xmpp.html.

  43. 43.

    http://xmpp.org/xmpp-protocols/rfcs/.

  44. 44.

    http://xmpp.org/xmpp-protocols/xmpp-extensions/.

  45. 45.

    http://code.google.com/intl/de/edu/submissions/daswani/index.html.

  46. 46.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2.

  47. 47.

    http://www.nist.gov/itl/fips.cfm.

  48. 48.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5.

  49. 49.

    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1321.

  50. 50.

    http://openid.net.

  51. 51.

    http://oauth.net.

  52. 52.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuth.

  53. 53.

    https://developers.google.com/+/api/oauth.

  54. 54.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/.

  55. 55.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/.

  56. 56.

    http://www.w3schools.com/js/, specification in ECMA-262 and ISO/IEC 16262.

  57. 57.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/, http://www.w3.org/XML/, http://www.w3.org/XML/1999/XML-in-10-points.html.en.

  58. 58.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/.

  59. 59.

    For an overview see http://www.w3.org/Style/XSL/.

  60. 60.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/.

  61. 61.

    http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema, http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/.

  62. 62.

    http://relaxng.org/, ISO/IEC STANDARD 19757-2 from 2008.

  63. 63.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/.

  64. 64.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/, validator at http://www.w3.org/RDF/Validator/.

  65. 65.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/.

  66. 66.

    Do no worry about the bothering length of URIs/URLs therein. CURIES (compact URIs—http://www.w3.org/TR/curie/) have been developed in the meantime. They are currently available for SPARQL, RDFa and XHTML2.

  67. 67.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema.

  68. 68.

    http://ruleml.org/oojdrew/exa/exa4RDFS.html.

  69. 69.

    Nice video by Manu Sporny at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldl0m-5zLz4.

  70. 70.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdfa-syntax-20081014/, http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-xhtml-rdfa-primer-20080620/, current state of the RDFa call at http://rdfa.info/.

  71. 71.

    http://dev.w3.org/html5/rdfa/.

  72. 72.

    http://dublincore.org/.

  73. 73.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/grddl/.

  74. 74.

    http://microformats.org/.

  75. 75.

    http://www.w3.org/DOM/.

  76. 76.

    http://www.w3.org/DOM/DOMTR.

  77. 77.

    http://www.ecmascript.org/.

  78. 78.

    http://linkeddata.org/home.

  79. 79.

    http://linkeddata.org/static/images/lod-datasets_2009-07-14_cropped.png.

  80. 80.

    http://linkeddatabook.com/book.

  81. 81.

    http://www.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/en/institute/pwo/bizer/research/publications/Bizer-etal-DBpedia-CrystallizationPoint-JWS-Preprint.pdf, http://tomheath.com/papers/bizer-heath-berners-lee-ijswis-linked-data.pdf.

  82. 82.

    http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html.

  83. 83.

    http://videolectures.net/iswc08_heath_hpldw/.

  84. 84.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-skos-reference-20090818/, http://www.w3.org/TR/skos-primer/.

  85. 85.

    http://dublincore.org/.

  86. 86.

    http://www.bioontology.org/.

  87. 87.

    http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies.

  88. 88.

    http://www.bioontology.org/bioportal.

  89. 89.

    http://www.geneontology.org/.

  90. 90.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/.

  91. 91.

    http://protege.stanford.edu/.

  92. 92.

    http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Protege_Ontology_Library#OWL_ontologies.

  93. 93.

    http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/wiki/Primer.

  94. 94.

    http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html.

  95. 95.

    Listed on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_media_type, a sort of dictionary on http://www.myformatfactory.com/Format.

  96. 96.

    http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/69076/cga03.pdf.

  97. 97.

    http://www.web3d.org/realtime-3d/.

  98. 98.

    http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml.

  99. 99.

    http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/MediaTypes/.

  100. 100.

    http://dublincore.org/documents/2012/06/14/dcmi-terms/?v=elements#H7.

  101. 101.

    http://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference.html, http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/pdf/PDFReference.pdf.

  102. 102.

    http://www.iso.org/iso/store.htm.

  103. 103.

    http://www.callassoftware.com/callas/doku.php/en:products:pdftoolbox, http://www.pdf-tools.com/pdf/produkte-pdf-pdfa.aspx, http://www.helios.de/web/EN/solutions/FoDTP.html, and others.

  104. 104.

    http://www.globalgraphics.com/technology/pdfx/.

  105. 105.

    Joint specification of W3C and ISO/IEC: http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/spec/iso/, http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2083.

  106. 106.

    http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pngintro.html.

  107. 107.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/.

  108. 108.

    See for instance SVG-edit—http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJKmEI06YiY.

  109. 109.

    http://www.khronos.org/opengl, http://www.opengl.org/documentation/specs/version1.5/glspec15.pdf.

  110. 110.

    http://www.khronos.org/.

  111. 111.

    http://www.khronos.org/webgl/.

  112. 112.

    http://www.web3d.org/x3d/specifications/x3d/, http://www.web3d.org/realtime-3d/x3d/what-x3d.

  113. 113.

    http://www.x3dom.org/.

  114. 114.

    http://www.instantreality.org/downloads/.

  115. 115.

    http://mpeg.chiariglione.org.

  116. 116.

    http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/terms_of_reference.php.

  117. 117.

    http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards.php.

  118. 118.

    From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MPEG.svg.

  119. 119.

    http://www.etsi.org/website/homepage.aspx.

  120. 120.

    http://www.karbosguide.com.

  121. 121.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4.

  122. 122.

    http://www.mpegla.com/main/default.aspx.

  123. 123.

    http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/M4S/Pages/PatentList.aspx.

  124. 124.

    http://www.mp3-tech.org/patents.html.

  125. 125.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio.

  126. 126.

    https://ccrma.stanford.edu/courses/422/projects/WaveFormat/, http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/hardware/gg463006.aspx.

  127. 127.

    http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/documents/audioformats/aiff/aiff.html, http://muratnkonar.com/aiff/index.html.

  128. 128.

    http://www.midi.org/.

  129. 129.

    http://xiph.org/vorbis/doc/.

  130. 130.

    http://www.avs.org.cn/en/index.asp.

  131. 131.

    http://erdos.csie.ncnu.edu.tw/~hychen/multimedia/mpeg%20audio%20coding.pdf.

  132. 132.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID3, http://www.id3.org/.

  133. 133.

    From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3.

  134. 134.

    http://www.mp3-tech.org/programmer/docs/mp3_theory.pdf, extended specification at http://www.multiweb.cz/twoinches/mp3inside.htm.

  135. 135.

    Remake of a drawing from http://www.tansee.com/what-is-mp4-video.html.

  136. 136.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14.

  137. 137.

    http://www.myformatfactory.com/MP4.

  138. 138.

    http://thompsonng.blogspot.com/2010/11/mp4-file-format.html explains inside MP4 with sample code.

  139. 139.

    Taken from http://www.tansee.com/what-is-mp4-video.html, more detail there.

  140. 140.

    http://www.theatreinchicago.com/maps/mapTheatres.php.

  141. 141.

    http://maps.google.com/, http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/geocoding/.

  142. 142.

    http://uk.maps.yahoo.com/.

  143. 143.

    http://www.natgeomaps.com/, http://www.geocomm.com/, http://www.mapsolutions.com.au/.

  144. 144.

    http://www.programmableweb.com/api/google-maps/mashups.

  145. 145.

    http://mashable.com/2009/01/08/google-maps-mashups-tools/, http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/, search in http://mashable.com/.

  146. 146.

    http://code.google.com/intl/en-EN/apis/maps/documentation/webservices/index.html.

  147. 147.

    http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/.

  148. 148.

    http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wms.

  149. 149.

    Currently KML 3.2, http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/kml/, https://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/.

  150. 150.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_eXchange_Format.

  151. 151.

    http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/gml, http://www.ogcnetwork.net/gml.

  152. 152.

    http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/gml.

  153. 153.

    http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html, for good examples see http://html5demos.com/.

  154. 154.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/.

  155. 155.

    http://html5gallery.com/; http://html5websites.net/.

  156. 156.

    http://www.apple.com/html5/.

  157. 157.

    http://www.html5rocks.com/en/.

  158. 158.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/.

  159. 159.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript, specification in ECMA-262 and ISO/IEC 16262.

  160. 160.

    http://www.perey.com/ARStandards/[Springer_Chapter]Standards_for_Mobile_Collaborative_AR.pdf.

  161. 161.

    http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/sensorwebdwg.

  162. 162.

    http://www.navteq.com/outdoor_mar2011/ar_standards_position_paper.pdf.

  163. 163.

    http://www.perey.com/MobileARSummit/Mobilizy-ARML.pdf.

  164. 164.

    http://openarml.org/wikitude4.html.

  165. 165.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_retrieval.

  166. 166.

    http://www.wiscorp.com/SQLStandards.html.

  167. 167.

    http://www.sqlite.org/.

  168. 168.

    Up-to-date tutorial at http://klanguedoc.hubpages.com/.

  169. 169.

    From http://sqlite.org/lang_select.html.

  170. 170.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery/.

  171. 171.

    http://www.w3.org/XML/Query/#specs.

  172. 172.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-update-10/.

  173. 173.

    See e.g. http://exist-db.org/exist/index.xml.

  174. 174.

    http://www.ipedo.com/.

  175. 175.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/.

  176. 176.

    Listing of implementations at http://www.w3.org/wiki/SparqlImplementations.

  177. 177.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARQL, http://www.dblab.ntua.gr/~bikakis/SPARQL2XQuery.html.

  178. 178.

    http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/d2r-server/.

  179. 179.

    http://protege.stanford.edu/doc/sparql/.

  180. 180.

    Reached from http://wiki.dbpedia.org/OnlineAccess#h28-2.

  181. 181.

    http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-sparql11-entailment-20120105/.

  182. 182.

    Best overview found: http://hcibib.org/hci-sites/GUIDELINES.html.

  183. 183.

    W3C-based example: http://www.w3.org/TR/UAAG10/.

  184. 184.

    http://www.webstyleguide.com/wsg3/index.html.

  185. 185.

    https://www-01.ibm.com/software/ucd/designconcepts/designbasics.html.

  186. 186.

    https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/navigation/.

  187. 187.

    http://www.sap.com/corporate-en/index.epx.

  188. 188.

    http://www.sapdesignguild.org/resources/ucd_paper.asp.

  189. 189.

    For example, http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/ui_guidelines/index.html, http://wiki.eclipse.org/User_Interface_Guidelines.

  190. 190.

    http://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2009/html/nonref/20_6.pdf.

  191. 191.

    http://ncomprod.nokia.com/library/files/docs/A_Spatial_Audio_User_Interface_for_Generating_Music_Playlists.pdf.

  192. 192.

    http://ldt.stanford.edu/~ejbailey/02_FALL/ED_147X/Readings/CohenExcerpt.Winograd.pdf.

  193. 193.

    http://www.ijvr.org/issues/issue2/02!ijvr_bowman_formatted.pdf.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Heidegrün 36, 30179, Hanover, Germany

    Brigitte Endres-Niggemeyer

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  1. Brigitte Endres-Niggemeyer
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    Brigitte Endres-Niggemeyer

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Endres-Niggemeyer, B. (2013). Mashups Live on Standards. In: Endres-Niggemeyer, B. (eds) Semantic Mashups. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36403-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36403-7_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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