Skip to main content

Retracted: Paleoseismic History of the North Anatolian Fault Zone

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering

Synonyms

Earthquake history; Earthquake recurrence; Historical seismic activity; Historical surface rupture; Paleoseismology

Introduction

The North Anatolian Fault is one of the most important active strike-slip faults in the world (Fig. 1), forming the tectonic boundary between the Eurasian plate and the relatively westward-moving Anatolian block (Şengör et al. 2005). It stretches for about 1,200 km, trending roughly parallel to the Black Sea coast of Turkey, from the Karlıova Triple Junction in Eastern Turkey to the Saros Bay in the Northern Aegean Sea. Its geometry is broadly convex toward the north (Fig. 2), changing from a narrow tectonic corridor between Karlıova in the east to a distributed branching structure immediately west of Bolu (Fig. 2), with the principal branch being the northern strand that cuts through the Marmara Region.

Fig. 1
figure 1

Field views of the North Anatolian Fault. (a) Trace of the North Anatolian Fault in the west of Erzincan. This part involved faulting during...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aksoy ME (2009) Active tectonics and paleoseismology of the ganos fault segment and seismic characteristics of the 9 August 1912 Mürefte Earthquake of the North Anatolian Fault (Western Turkey) (İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi ve L’Universite de Strasbourg, İstanbul ve Strasbourg)

    Google Scholar 

  • Barka A (1993) Kuzey Anadolu Fayı’nın Sapanca-İzmit ve Geyve-İznik Kolları Üzerinde Paleosismik Araştırmalar. TÜBİTAK Yerbilimleri Araştırma Grubu, Ankara (in Turkish with English Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Barka A, Wesnousky SG (1994) Potential of a large earthquake in the Erzincan region following the 1992 Erzincan earthquake, M = 6.9; preliminary trench study results. Open-File Report – U. S. Geological Survey, pp 14–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Barka A, Akyüz HS, Altunel E, Sunal G, Çakır Z, Dikbaş A, Yerli B, Armijo R, Meyer B, De Chabalier JB, Rockwell T, Dolan JR, Hartleb R, Dawson T, Christofferson S, Tucker AZ, Fumal TE, Langridge R, Stenner HD, Lettis W, Bachhuber J, Page WD (2002) The surface rupture and slip distribution of the 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake (M 7.4), North Anatolian Fault. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92:43–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belindir F (2008) Yenice-Gönen Fay Zonu.2nun Neotektonik Özellikleri ve Paleosismolojisi (Neotectonic characteristics and paleoseismology of the Yenice-Gönen Fault Zone (NW Anatolia, Turkey)). Unpublished PhD, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara (in Turkish with English Summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertrand S, Doner L, Akçer Ön S, Sancar Ü, Schudack U, Mischke S, Çağatay MN, Leroy SAG (2011) Sedimentary record of coseismic subsidence in Hersek coastal lagoon (Izmit Bay, Turkey) and the late Holocene activity of the North Anatolian Fault. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 12(6), Q06002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boës X, Moran SB, King J, Cağatay MN, Hubert-Ferrari A (2010) Records of large earthquakes in lake sediments along the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. J Paleolimnol 43(4):901–920

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Çağatay MN, Erel L, Bellucci LG, Polonia A, Gasperini L, Eriş KK, Sancar Ü, Biltekin D, Uçarkuş G, Ülgen UB, Damcı E (2012) Sedimentary earthquake records in the İzmit Gulf, Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Sediment Geol 282:347–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dikbaş A (2009) Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun İzmit-Gölyaka (Düzce) arasındaki segmentlerinin paleosismolojisi ve morfolojik özellikleri (Paleoseismologic and morphologic features of North Anatolian Fault Zone between İzmit-Gölyaka (Düzce). Unpublished PhD, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul (in Turkish with English Summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dikbaş A, Akyüz HS (2011) Paleoseismological investigations on the Karadere segment, North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Turkish J Earth Sci 20(4):395–410

    Google Scholar 

  • Doğan B (2010) Kuzey Anadou Fay Sistemi Güney Kolu’nun Geyve-Gemlik Arasındaki Kesiminin Morfotektonik, Tektonostratigrafik ve Paleosismolojik Evrimi (The Morphotectonic, tectonostratigraphic and paleoseismologic evolution of the Geyve-Gemlik fragment of the Southern Strand of North Anatolian Fault System). Unpublished PhD, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul (in Turkish with English Summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Drab L, Hubert Ferrari A, Schmidt S, Martinez P (2012) The earthquake sedimentary record in the western part of the Sea of Marmara. Turkey Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12(4):1235–1254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emre Ö, Duman TY, Toda S, Okuno M, Doğan A, Tsutsumi H, Tokay F, Haraguchi T, Kondo H, Sugito N, Nakamura T (2001) Paleoseismological findings on the Düzce Fault: North Anatolian Fault Zone, NW Turkey. Paper presented at the AGU, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Emre Ö, Duman TY, Doğan A, Özalp S, Özaksoy V, Yıldırım C (2012) Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası. MTA Publications, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser JG, Hubert Ferrari A, Verbeeck K, Garcia-Moreno D, Avşar U, Maricq N, Coudijzer A, Vlamynck N, Venneste K (2012) A 3000-year record of surface-rupturing earthquakes at Günalan: variable fault-rupture lengths along the 1939 Erzincan earthquake-rupture segment of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Ann Geophys 55(5):895–927

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartleb RD, Dolan JF, Akyüz HS, Yerli B (2003) A 2000-year-long paleoseismologic record of earthquakes along the central North Anatolian Fault, from trenches at Alayurt, Turkey. Bull Seismol Soc Am 93(5):1935–1954

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartleb RD, Dolan JF, Kozacı Ö, Akyüz HS, Seitz GG (2006) A 2500-yr-long paleoseismologic record of large, infrequent earthquakes on the North Anatolian fault at Çukurçimen, Turkey. Geol Soc Am Bull 118(7/8):823–840

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hitchcock C, Altunel E, Barka AA, Bachhuber J, Lettis W, Kozacı Ö, Helms J, Lindvall S (2003) Timing of late Holocene earthquakes on the eastern Duzce Fault and implications for slip transfer between the southern and northern strands of the North Anatolian fault system, Bolu, Turkey. Turkish J Earth Sci 12(1):119–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Honkura Y, Işikara AM (1991) Multidisciplinary research on fault activity in the western part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Tectonophysics 193(4):347–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hubert Ferrari A, Avşar U, El Ouahabi M, Lepoint G, Martinez P, Fagel N (2012) Paleoseismic record obtained by coring a sag-pond along the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey). Ann Geophys 55(5):929–953

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda Y, Suzuki Y, Herece E, Şaroğlu F, Işıkara AM, Honkura Y (1991) Geological evidence for the last two faulting events on the North Anatolian fault zone in the Mudurnu Valley, western Turkey. Tectonophysics 193(4):335–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klinger Y, Sieh K, Altunel E, Akoğlu A, Barka AA, Dawson TE, Gonzalez T, Meltzner AJ, Rockwell TK (2003) Paleoseismic evidence of characteristic slip on the western segment of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Bull Seismol Soc Am 93(6):2317–2332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komut T (2005) Paleoseismological studies on Düzce Fault and geological data on the seismogenic sources in the vicinity of the Düzce Area. Unpublished PhD, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul

    Google Scholar 

  • Kondo H, Kurçer A, Özalp S, Emre Ö (2010a) Flexible slip history on the 1942 Erbaa-Niksar earthquake rupture along the North Anatolian fault system, Turkey. Paper presented at the EGU General Assembly – Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Kondo H, Özaksoy V, Yıldırım C (2010b) Slip history of the 1944 Bolu-Gerede earthquake rupture along the North Anatolian fault system: implications for recurrence behavior of multisegment earthquakes. J Geophys Res 115(B4):1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozacı Ö, Dolan JF, Finkel RC (2009) A late Holocene slip rate for the central North Anatolian fault, at Tahtaköy, Turkey, from cosmogenic 10 Be geochronology: implications for fault loading and strain release rates. J Geophys Res 114(B1):1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozacı Ö, Altunel E, Lindvall S, Brankman C, Lettis W (2011a) The North Anatolian Faul on the Hersek Peninsula, Turkey: Its geometry and implications for the 1999 İzmit earthquake rupture propagation. Turkish J Earth Sci 20(4):359–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozacı Ö, Dolan JF, Yönlü Ö, Hartleb RD (2011b) Paleoseismologic evidence for the relatively regular recurrence of infrequent, large-magnitude earthquakes on the eastern North Anatolian fault at Yaylabeli, Turkey. Lithosphere 3(1):37–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kürçer A, Chatzipetros A, Tutkun SZ, Pavlides S, Ateş O, Valkaniotis S (2008) The Yenice-Gonen active fault (NW Turkey): active tectonics and palaeoseismology. Tectonophysics 453(1–4):263–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kürçer A, Kondo H, Özalp S, Emre Ö (2009) Paleoseismological findings on the western portion of the surface rupture associated with 1942 Erbaa-Niksar earthquake, North Anatolian fault system, Turkey. Paper presented at the EGU General Assembly – Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Pichon X, Şengör AMC, Demirbağ E, Rangin C, İmren C, Armijo R, Görür N, Çağatay N, Mercier de Lapinay B, Meyer B, Saatçılar R, Tok B (2001) The active main Marmara Fault. Earth Planet Sci Lett 192:595–616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leroy S, Kazancı N, Ileri O, Kibar M, Emre Ö, McGee E, Griffiths HI (2002) Abrupt environmental changes within a late Holocene lacustrine sequence south of the Marmara Sea (Lake Manyas, N-W Turkey); possible links with seismic events. Mar Geol 190(1–2):531–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McHugh CMG, Seeber L, Cormier M-H, Dutton J, Çağatay N, Polonia A, Ryan WBF, Görür N (2006) Submarine earthquake geology along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey; a model for transform basin sedimentation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 248(3–4):661–684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meghraoui M, Aksoy ME, Akyüz HS, Ferry M, Dikbaş A, Altunel E (2012) Paleoseismology of the North Anatolian Fault at Güzelköy (Ganos segment, Turkey): size and recurrence time of earthquake ruptures west of the Sea of Marmara. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 13, Q04005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okumura K, Yoshioka T, Kuşçu İ, Nakamura T, Suzuki Y (1994) Recent surface faulting on the North Anatolian Fault East of Erzincan Basin, Turkey – a trenching survey. Paper presented at the Summaries of Researches using AMS at Nagoya University (in Japanese with English Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Okumura K, Rockwell TK, Duman T, Tokay F, Kondo H, Yildirim C, Ozaksoy V (2003) Refined slip history of the North Anatolian Fault at Gerede on the 1944 rupture. Paper presented at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Özalp S, Doğan A, Emre Ö (2003) The last two faulting events on the southern strand of the North Anatolian fault zone, NW Turkey. Paper presented at the Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union

    Google Scholar 

  • Palyvos N, Pantosti D, Zabcı C, D’Addezio G (2007) Paleoseismological evidence of recent earthquakes on the 1967 Mudurnu valley earthquake segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Bull Seismol Soc Am 97(5):1646–1661

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pantosti D, Pucci S, Palyvos N, Martini PMD, D’Addezio G, Collins PEF, Zabcı C (2008) Paleoearthquakes of the Duzce fault (North Anatolian Fault Zone): insights for large surface faulting earthquake recurrence. J Geophys Res 113:B01309

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlides SB, Chatzipetros A, Tutkun ZS, Ozaksoy V, Dogan B (2006) Evidence for late Holocene activity along the seismogenic fault of the 1999 Izmit earthquake, NW Turkey. Geol Soc Spl Publ 260:635–647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reilinger R, McClusky S, Vernant P, Lawrence S, Ergintav S, Cakmak R, Ozener H, Kadirov F, Guliev I, Stepanyan R, Nadariya M, Hahubia G, Mahmoud S, Sakr K, ArRajehi A, Paradissis D, Al-Aydrus A, Prilepin M, Guseva T, Evren E, Dmitrotsa A, Filikov SV, Gomez F, Al-Ghazzi R, Karam G (2006) GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions. J Geophys Res 111

    Google Scholar 

  • Rockwell T, Barka A, Dawson T, Akyuz S, Thorup K (2001) Paleoseismology of the Gazikoy-Saros segment of the North Anatolia fault, northwestern Turkey: comparison of the historical and paleoseismic records, implications of regional seismic hazard, and models of earthquake recurrence. J Seismol 5(3):433–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rockwell T, Regona D, Seitz G, Langridge R, Aksoy ME, Uçarkuş G, Ferry M, Meltzner AJ, Meghraoui M, Satir D, Barka A, Akbalık B (2009) Paleoseismology of the North Anatolian Fault near the Marmara Sea: implications for fault segmentation and seismic hazard. In: Reicherter K, Michetti AM, Silva PG (eds) Paleoseismology: historical and prehistorical records of earthquake ground effects for seismic hazard assessment. The Geological Society, London, pp 31–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarı E, Çağatay MN (2006) Turbidites and their association with past earthquakes in the deep Çınarcık basin of the Marmara Sea. Geo-Mar Lett 26(2):69–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwab MJ, Werner P, Dulski P, McGee E, Nowaczyk NR, Bertrand S, Leroy SAG (2009) Palaeolimnology of Lake Sapanca and identification of historic earthquake signals, Northern Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey). Quatern Sci Rev 28(11–12):991–1005. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Şengör AMC, Tüysüz O, İmren C, Sakınç M, Eyidoğan H, Gorur N, Le Pichon X, Rangin C (2005) The North Anatolian Fault: a new look. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 33(1):37–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sugai T, Emre O, Duman TY, Yoshioka T, Kuscu I (1999) Geologic evidence for five large earthquakes on the North Anatolian Fault at Ilgaz, during the last 2000 years; a result of GSJ-MTA international cooperative research. Paper presented at the the paleoseismology workshop

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugai T, Awata Y, Toda S, Emre O, Dogan A, Ozalp S, Haraguchi T, Kinoshita H, Takada K, Yamaguchi M (2001) Paleoseismic investigation of the 1999 Duzce earthquake fault at Lake Efteni, North Anatolian fault system, Turkey. Ann Rep Active Fault Paleoearthq Res 1:339–351 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka T, Kuşçu İ (1994) Late Holocene faulting events on the İznik-Mekece fault in the western part of the North Anatolian fault zone, Turkey. Bull Geol Soc Jpn 45(11):677–685

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka T, Okumura K, Kuscu I, Emre O (2000) Recent surface faulting of the North Anatolian Fault along the 1943 Ladik earthquake ruptures. Bull Geol Survey Jpn 51(1):29–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Zabcı C, Akyüz HS, Karabacak V, Sançar T, Altunel E, Gürsoy H, Tatar O (2011) Palaeoearthquakes on the Kelkit valley segment of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey: implications for the surface rupture of the historical 17 August 1668 earthquake. Turkish J Earth Sci 20(4):411–427

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Erhan Altunel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Altunel, E., Zabci, C., Akyüz, H.S. (2021). Retracted: Paleoseismic History of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. In: Beer, M., Kougioumtzoglou, I., Patelli, E., Au, IK. (eds) Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_216-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_216-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-36197-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering

Publish with us

Policies and ethics