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Ätiopathogenese und Neurobiologie

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Dissoziation

Zusammenfassung

Bei der Ätiologie dissoziativer Symptomatik sind neben genetischen Komponenten und Persönlichkeitsvariablen wie Fantasieneigung, Suggestibilität und Alexithymie insbesondere Missbrauchsereignisse von Bedeutung. Insgesamt lässt sich festhalten, dass die Faktoren Missbrauch, Bindungsverhalten und die Qualität des familiären Umfeldes eng miteinander verwoben sind. Die frühere Fokussierung auf den Faktor sexueller Missbrauch erscheint zu einseitig, vielmehr muss den Faktoren Vernachlässigung und emotionaler Missbrauch deutlich mehr Rechnung getragen werden. Dissoziation stört Gedächtnisprozesse auf der Ebene von Aufmerksamkeit bzw. Arbeitsgedächtnis, bei der Enkodierung oder beim Abruf von Gedächtnisinhalten. Neurobiologisch zeichnet sich ein Muster mit einer Überaktivierung medial-präfrontaler Hirnregionen und einer Amygdala-Unteraktivierung im Rahmen von dissoziativen Prozessen ab.

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  1. Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland

    Dipl.-Psych. Kathlen Priebe & Prof. Dr. Christian Schmahl

  2. Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Wissenschaftliche Psychotherapie Berlin, AWP-Berlin, Witzlebenstr. 30a, 14057, Berlin, Deutschland

    PD Dr. Christian Stiglmayr

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  1. Dipl.-Psych. Kathlen Priebe
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Priebe, K., Schmahl, C., Stiglmayr, C. (2013). Ätiopathogenese und Neurobiologie. In: Dissoziation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35066-5_4

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