Skip to main content

Towards a Neural Hierarchy of Time Scales for Motor Control

  • Conference paper
From Animals to Animats 12 (SAB 2012)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 7426))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Animals show remarkable rich motion skills which are still far from realizable with robots. Inspired by the neural circuits which generate rhythmic motion patterns in the spinal cord of all vertebrates, one main research direction points towards the use of central pattern generators in robots. On of the key advantages of this, is that the dimensionality of the control problem is reduced. In this work we investigate this further by introducing a multi-timescale control hierarchy with at its core a hierarchy of recurrent neural networks. By means of some robot experiments, we demonstrate that this hierarchy can embed any rhythmic motor signal by imitation learning. Furthermore, the proposed hierarchy allows the tracking of several high level motion properties (e.g.: amplitude and offset), which are usually observed at a slower rate than the generated motion. Although these experiments are preliminary, the results are promising and have the potential to open the door for rich motor skills and advanced control.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Kiebel, S., Daunizeau, J., Friston, K.: A hierarchy of time-scales and the brain. PLoS Computational Biology 4(11), e1000209 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Stein, P.: Neurons, networks, and motor behavior. The MIT Press (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ijspeert, A.: Central pattern generators for locomotion control in animals and robots: a review. Neural Networks 21(4), 642–653 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cohen, A., Wallen, P.: The neuronal correlate of locomotion in fish. Experimental Brain Research 41(1), 11–18 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Rossignol, S.: Locomotion and its recovery after spinal injury. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 10(6), 708–716 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ijspeert, A., Crespi, A., Ryczko, D., Cabelguen, J.: From swimming to walking with a salamander robot driven by a spinal cord model. Science 315(5817), 1416–1420 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Verstraeten, D., Schrauwen, B., D’Haene, M., Stroobandt, D.: An experimental unification of reservoir computing methods. Neural Networks 20, 391–403 (2007)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Jaeger, H.: The “echo state” approach to analysing and training recurrent neural networks. German National Research Center for Information Technology, Tech. Rep. GMD Report 148 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Maass, W., Natschläger, T., Markram, H.: Real-time computing without stable states: A new framework for neural computation based on perturbations. Neural Computation 14(11), 2531–2560 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Antonelo, E.A., Schrauwen, B., Stroobandt, D.: Event detection and localization for small mobile robots using reservoir computing. Neural Networks 21, 862–871 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jaeger, H., Haas, H.: Harnessing nonlinearity: predicting chaotic systems and saving energy in wireless telecommunication. Science 308, 78–80 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Schrauwen, B., D’Haene, M., Verstraeten, D., Van Campenhout, J.: Compact hardware liquid state machines on FPGA for real-time speech recognition. Neural Networks 21, 511–523 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Paquot, Y., Duport, F., Smerieri, A., Dambre, J., Schrauwen, B., Haelterman, M., Massar, S.: Optoelectronic reservoir computing. Scientific Reports 2, 1–6 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Legenstein, R.A., Maass, W.: Edge of chaos and prediction of computational performance for neural microcircuit models. Neural Networks, 323–333 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sussillo, D., Abbott, L.: Generating coherent patterns of activity from chaotic neural networks. Neuron 63(4), 544–557 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wyffels, F., Schrauwen, B.: Design of a central pattern generator using reservoir computing for learning human motion. In: Proceedings of the ECSIS Symposium on Advanced Technologies for Enhanced Quality of Life, pp. 118–122 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Waegeman, T., Wyffels, F., Schrauwen, B.: A discrete/rhythmic pattern generating RNN. In: Proceedings of the 20th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning, pp. 567–572. Ciaco - i6doc.com, Louvain-la-Neuve (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Li, J., Jaeger, H.: Minimal energy control of an ESN pattern generator. Jacobs University, Tech. Rep. (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Waegeman, T., Schrauwen, B.: Towards Learning Inverse Kinematics with a Neural Network Based Tracking Controller. In: Lu, B.-L., Zhang, L., Kwok, J. (eds.) ICONIP 2011, Part III. LNCS, vol. 7064, pp. 441–448. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Waegeman, T., Wyffels, F., Schrauwen, B.: Feedback control by online learning an inverse model. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (submitted)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Waegeman, T., Wyffels, F., Schrauwen, B. (2012). Towards a Neural Hierarchy of Time Scales for Motor Control. In: Ziemke, T., Balkenius, C., Hallam, J. (eds) From Animals to Animats 12. SAB 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 7426. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33093-3_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33093-3_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-33092-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-33093-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics