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Allelopathic Dynamics in Resource Plants

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Book cover Allelopathy

Abstract

Allelopathy plays a key role in both natural and managed ecosystems, especially agroecosystems such as weed control, crop protection, and crop re-establishment. Allelopathic chemical(s) are moved from the plant, mainly the leaves, to the soil by transfer mechanisms and their subsequent dissipation occurs in the soil. The allelopathic activity is confirmed through (a) bioassays with aqueous or various solvent extracts and residues, (b) fractionation, identification, and quantification of causative allelochemicals, and (c) mechanism studies on the allelochemicals. Most assessments of allelopathy involve bioassays of plant or soil extracts, leachates, fractions, and residues based on seed germination and seedling growth in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. Plant growth may be stimulated below the allelopathic threshold, but severe growth reductions may be observed above the threshold concentration depending upon the sensitivity of the receiving species. Petri dish bioassays with methanol extracts or fractions and causative phenolic allelochemicals showed significant phytotoxic activities in concentration-dependent manner. Delayed seed germination and slow root growth due to the extracts could be confounded with osmotic effects on rate of imbibition, delayed initiation of germination, and especially cell elongation; the main factor that affects root growth before and after the tip penetrates the seed coat. Microscopic approaches for extract evaluation at the ultrastructural level have been precisely investigated. Many wild plants have allelopathic potentials, and the activities and types and amount of causative compounds differ depending on the plant species. The incorporation of allelopathic substances into agricultural management may reduce the use of pesticides and lessen environmental deterioration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. EFARINET Co. Ltd, BI Center, Chosun University, Gwangju , 501-759, South Korea

    Sang-Uk Chon

  2. Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    C. Jerry Nelson

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  1. Sang-Uk Chon
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Correspondence to Sang-Uk Chon .

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  1. , Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Zahid A. Cheema

  2. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammad Farooq

  3. , Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, street, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Abdul Wahid

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Chon, SU., Jerry Nelson, C. (2013). Allelopathic Dynamics in Resource Plants. In: Cheema, Z., Farooq, M., Wahid, A. (eds) Allelopathy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30595-5_5

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