Abstract
The family Corynebacteriaceae is composed of the type genus Corynebacterium with almost 90 species and the monospecific genus Turicella. The status of Turicella as a genus is supported by phenotypic characteristics. Both taxa form a distinct clade in the order Corynebacteriales which is clearly separated from the related families Dietziaceae and Tsukamurellaceae. Most Corynebacterium species contain mycolic acids with 22–36 carbons, though few species and Turicella otitidis lack this component. The peptidoglycan is of the A1γ type with directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid. Arabinose and galactose are the major cell-wall sugars. Fatty acid profiles are rich in saturated and unsaturated components and may contain tuberculostearic acid. The quinone systems reported for Corynebacterium species consist exclusively of menaquinones, with major amounts of MK-8(H2), MK-9(H2), or a mixture of both. Turicella otitidis contains completely unsaturated menaquinones (MK-10, MK-11). A significant variability in the G+C content of genomic DNA of Corynebacterium species has been reported, ranging from ∼46 mol% (Corynebacterium kutscheri) to 74 mol% (Corynebacterium auris). Members of the family Corynebacteriaceae are found in diverse environments. Some species are used in industrial applications and food production, whereas other species are serious pathogens of humans or domestic animals. Many of the medically relevant species can be recovered as commensals or contaminants from a variety of clinical specimens. Some Corynebacterium species usually associated with animals have also been documented to cause human infections by zoonotic transmission. The closely related organisms Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium ulcerans, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis are the only species which may produce potent exotoxins, i.e., diphtheria toxin and phospholipase D which both play a significant role in pathogenicity.
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Tauch, A., Sandbote, J. (2014). The Family Corynebacteriaceae . In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30138-4_187
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