Synonyms
Poly(para-phenyleneamineimine)
Definition
Polyaniline is the head-to-tail coupled polymer of aniline.
Introduction
The birth of the field of conducting polymers is normally associated with the discovery of high conductivity in doped polyacetylene in the 1970s, but the polymer of aniline (aminobenzene) has appeared in the scientific literature as far back as the 1860s [1]. These highly colored oligomers and polymers of anilines were originally used as the blue dyes for denim and other types of clothing. Their structures were unknown and the concept of electron delocalization in organic molecules had yet to be understood. When organic metals became a target for synthesis in the 1980s, the chemistry of polyaniline became relevant again, and materials’ chemists pursued many avenues in attempting to produce an air-stable version of polyacetylene that might 1 day replace expensive metals and semiconductors in electronic devices. The advent of nanoscience in recent years has...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Letheby H (1862) On the production of a blue substance by the electrolysis of sulphate of aniline. J Chem Soc 15:161–163
Lee K, Cho S, Park HS, Heeger AJ, Lee CW, Lee HS (2006) Metallic transport in polyaniline. Nature 441:65
Wallace GG, Spinks GM, Kane-Maguire LAP, Teasdale PR (2009) Conductive electroactive polymers: intelligent polymer systems, 3rd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Vachon D, Angus RO Jr, Lu FL, Nowak M, Liu ZX, Schaffer H, Wudl F, Heeger AJ (1987) Polyaniline is poly-para-phenyleneamineimine- Proof of structure by synthesis. Synth Met 18:297
MacDiarmid AG, Chiang JC, Richter AF, Somarisi NLD (1987) In: Alcacer L (ed) Conducting polymers, special applications. Reidel, Dordrecht, p 105
Min G (2001) Inorganic salts effect on the properties of polyaniline. Synth Met 119:273
Adams PN, Laughlin PJ, Monkman AP, Kenwright AM (1996) Low-temperature synthesis of high molecular weight polyaniline. Polymer 37:3411
Martin CR (1995) Template synthesis of electronically conductive polymer nanostructures. Acc Chem Res 28:61
Zhang XY, Goux WJ, Manohar SK (2004) Synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers by “nanofiber seeding”. J Am Chem Soc 126:4502
Li GC, Zhang ZK (2004) Synthesis of dendritic polyaniline nanofibers in a surfactant gel. Macromolecules 37:2683
Tran HD, Li D, Kaner RB (2009) One-dimensional conducting polymer nanostructures: Bulk synthesis and applications. Adv Mater 21:1487–1499
Norris ID, Mattes BR (2007) Conducting polymer fiber production and applications. In: Skotheim T, Reynolds J (eds) Handbook of conducting polymers, vol 2, 3rd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York
Huang J, Kaner RB (2004) A general chemical route to polyaniline nanofibers. J Am Chem Soc 126:851
Huang J, Kaner RB (2004) Nanofiber formation in the chemical polymerization of aniline: A mechanistic study. Angew Chem Int Ed 43:5817
Huang J, Virji S, Weiller BH, Kaner RB (2003) Polyaniline nanofibers: Facile synthesis and chemical sensors. J Am Chem Soc 125:314
Wang Y, Tran HD, Liao L, Duan X, Kaner RB (2010) Nanoscale morphology, dimensional control, and electrical properties of oligoanilines. J Am Chem Soc 132(30):10365–10373
Zhang WJ, Feng J, MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ (1997) Synthesis of oligomeric anilines. Synth Met 84:119–120
Sadighi JP, Singer RA, Buchwald SL (1998) Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of monodisperse, controlled-length, and functionalized oligoanilines. J Am Chem Soc 120:4960
Lu FL, Wudl F, Nowak M, Heeger AJ (1986) Phenyl-capped octaaniline (COA)- An excellent model for polyaniline. J Am Chem Soc 108:8311
Li D, Kaner RB (2005) Processable stabilized-free polyaniline nanofiber aqueous colloids. Chem Commun 26:3286
Virji S, Fowler JD, Baker CO, Huang J, Kaner RB, Weiller BH (2005) Polyaniline nanofiber composites with metal salts: Chemical sensors for hydrogen sulfide. Small 1:624
Huang J, Kaner RB (2007) Polyaniline nanofibers: synthesis, properties, and applications. In: Reynolds J, Skotheim T, Elsenbaumer R (eds) Handbook of conducting polymers, vol 1, 3rd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York
Tseng RJ, Huang J, Ouyang J, Kaner RB, Yang Y (2005) Polyaniline nanofiber/gold nanoparticle nonvolatile memory. Nano Lett 5:1077
Gallon BJ, Kojima RW, Kaner RB, Diaconescu PL (2007) Palladium nanoparticles supported on polyaniline nanofibers as a semi-heterogeneous catalyst in water. Angew Chem Int Ed 46:7251
Baker CO, Shedd B, Innis PC, Whitten PG, Spinks GM, Wallace GG, Kaner RB (2008) Monolitic actuators from flash-welded polyaniline nanofibers. Adv Mater 20:155
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this entry
Cite this entry
Farrell, T.P., Kaner, R.B. (2015). Polyaniline. In: Kobayashi, S., Müllen, K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-29647-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-29648-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics