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ARDS, Complication of Trauma

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  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Trauma Care

Synonyms

Acute lung injury; Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Adult respiratory distress syndrome

Definition

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a well-known complication of major trauma, occurring in 8–82 % of selected patient populations (Hudson et al. 1995). Susceptible subgroups include patients with pulmonary contusions, severe trauma (Injury Severity Score, >25), head injury, marked base deficit, significant blood transfusion requirement, and notable orthopedic injuries such as long-bone and pelvic fractures associated with fat embolus.

Histologically, ALI/ARDS in humans is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Traditionally, the etiology of DAD has been thought to be secondary to a severe acute inflammatory response in the lungs and neutrophilic alveolitis. In practice, ARDS is the clinical expression of a group of diverse processes that produce widespread alveolar damage. Injury to the alveolar capillary barrier leads to exudation of fluid, cells, and...

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Acknowledgements

Funding Sources: This work is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant # MOP-106545), the Ontario Thoracic Society (Grants OTS2010/2011/2012), the Physicians Services Incorporate (Grant # PSI 09–21) and the Early Research Award from the Ministry of Research and Innovation of Ontario (Grant ERA/MRI 2011), Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, St. Michael’s Hospital/University of Toronto, The Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada

    Claudia C. dos Santos

  2. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada

    Dun Yuan Zhou

Authors
  1. Claudia C. dos Santos
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  2. Dun Yuan Zhou
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Claudia C. dos Santos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Anesthesiology, Surgery and Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

    Peter J. Papadakos

  2. Department of Surgery, Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Rochester, School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA

    Mark L. Gestring

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© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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dos Santos, C.C., Zhou, D.Y. (2015). ARDS, Complication of Trauma. In: Papadakos, P.J., Gestring, M.L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Trauma Care. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29613-0_233

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29613-0_233

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-29611-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-29613-0

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