Skip to main content

Environmental Isotopes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Arid Lands Water Evaluation and Management

Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Engineering ((ENVSCIENCE))

  • 3325 Accesses

Abstract

Environmental isotopes are useful tools for evaluating the source and time of precipitation of groundwater and geochemical reactions during groundwater flow (i.e., fluid–rock interactions). Such data can be used to estimate recharge rates, regional groundwater flow rates, and the time of emplacement of fossil groundwater. Isotopic analyses are not a routine element of water resources investigations largely because of their costs and the nature of the information they can provide. Environmental isotopic analyses have been typically applied to large (basin) scale investigations. Some of the applications of environmental isotopes have been of more academic than applied hydrogeological interest. For example, determination of the age of non-renewable groundwater resources usually does not have much bearing on current water management, so long as it is recognized that the groundwater is in fact non-renewable on a human time scale. From a practical perspective, it matters little if water is 10,000 years old or 1,000,000 years old.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bassett, R. L., Steinward, A., Jorat, S., Peterson, C., & Jackson, R. (2008). Forensic isotope analysis to refute a hydrologic conceptual model. Ground Water, 46, 372–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blasch, K. W., & Bryson, J. R. (2007). Distinguishing sources of groundwater using δ2H and δ18O. Ground Water, 45, 294–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, I., & Fritz, P. (1997). Environmental isotopes in hydrogeology. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig, H. (1961). Isotopic variations in meteoric waters. Science, 133, 1702–1703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cresswell, R., Wischusen, J., Jacobson, G., & Fifield, K. (1999). Assessment of recharge to groundwater systems in the arid southwestern part of Northern Territory, Australia, using chlorine-36. Hydrogeology Journal, 7, 393–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, E. E. B., Long, A., Eastoe, C., & Bassett, R. L. (1998). Migration of recharge waters downgradient from the Santa Catalina Mountains into the Tucson basin aquifer, Arizona. Hydrogeology Journal, 6, 94–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Druhan, J. L., Hogan, J. F., Eastoe, C. J., Hibbs, B. J., & Hutchinson, W. R. (2008). Hydrogeologic controls on groundwater recharge and salinization: A geochemical analysis of the northern Hueco Bolson aquifer, Texas, USA. Hydrogeology Journal, 16, 281–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eastoe, C. J., Hibbs, B. J., Granados Olivas, A., Hogan, J. F., Hawley, J., & Hutchinson, W. R. (2008). Isotopes in the Hueco Bolson aquifer, Texas (USA) and Chihuahua (Mexico): Local and general implications for recharge sources in alluvial basins. Hydrogeology Journal, 16, 737–747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekwurzel, B., Schlosser, P., Smethie, W. M., Plummer, L. N., Busenberg, E., & Michel, R. L., (1994). Dating of shallow groundwater: Comparison of the transient tracers 3H/3He, chlorofluorocarbons, and 85Kr. Water Resources Research. 30, 1693–1708.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonfiantini, R. (1986). Environmental isotopes in lake studies. In P. Fritz & J. C. Fontes (Eds.), Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry (Vol. 2, pp. 113–168). New York: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, W. R., & Hibbs, B. J. (2008). Ground Water budget analysis and cross-formational leakage in an arid basin. Ground Water, 46, 384–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazor, E., (2003). Chemical and isotopic groundwater hydrology (3rd ed.). New York: Marcel Dekkar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mook, W. G. (2005). Introduction to isotope hydrology: stable and radioactive isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen: IAH International Contributions to Hydrogeology 25. London: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murad, A. A., & Krishnamurthy, R. V. (2003). Factors controlling groundwater quality in Eastern United Arab Emirates: A chemical and isotopic approach. Journal of Hydrology, 286, 227–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plummer, M. A., Phillips, F. M., Fabryka-Martin, J., Turin, H. P., Wigand, P. E., & Sharma, P. (1997). Chlorine-36 in fossil rat urine: an archive of cosmogenic nuclide deposition during the past 40,000 years. Science, 277, 538–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rozanski, K., Araguás-Araguás, L., & Gonfiantini, R. (1993). Isotopic patterns in modern global precipitation. In P. K. Swart et al. (Ed.), Climate change in continental isotopic records: Geophysical. Monograph Series 78 (pp. 1–36). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rueedi, U., (2002). Groundwater dating by 14C. In W. Kinzelbach, W. Aeschbach, C. Alberich, I. B. Goni, U. Beyerle, P. Brunner, W. -H. Chiang, J. Rueedi & K. Zoellmann (Eds.), A survey of methods from groundwater recharge in arid and semiarid regions: Early Warning and Assessment Report Series UNEP/DEWA/RS.02-2 (pp. 44–53). Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scanlon, B. R. (2000). Uncertainties in estimating water fluxes and residence times using environmental tracers in an arid unsaturated zone. Water Resources Research, 36, 395–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlosser, P., Stute, M., Dorr, H., Sonntag, C., & Munnich, K. O. (1988). Tritium/3He dating of shallow groundwater. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 89, 353–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlosser, P., Stute, M., Sonntag, C., & Munnich, K. O. (1989). Tritogenic 3He in shallow groundwater. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 94, 245–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, E. S., Thorud, D. B., & Friedman, I. (1970). Distinguishing seasonal recharge to groundwater by deuterium analysis in southern Arizona. International Association of Hydrologists Publication, 92, 112–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, D. K., Schiff, S. L., Poreda, R. J., & Clarke, W. B. (1993). A validation of the 3H/3He method for determining groundwater recharge. Water Resources Research, 29, 2951–2962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, D. K., & Sudicky, E. A. (1995). Tritium and helium-3 isotope ratios for direct estimation of spatial variations in groundwater recharge. Water Resources Research, 27, 2309–2319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sturchio, N. C., Du, X., Purtschert, R., Lehmann, B. E., Sultan, M., & Patterson, L. J., et al. (2004). One million year old groundwater in the Sahara revealed by krypton-81 and chlorine-36. Geophysics Research Letters 31, L. 05503, doi:10.1029/2003GL01923.

  • U.S. Geological Survey (1996). Collection, processing, and analysis of carbon isotope samples. National water quality laboratory technical memorandum 1996-05.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vrba, J., & Verhagen, B. T. (2006). Groundwater for emergency situations. A framework document: International Hydrological Program (IHP) VI, Series on Groundwater No. 12. Paris: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahi, A. K., Hogan, Ekwurzel, B., Baillie, M. N., & Eastoe, C. J. (2008). Geochemical quantification of semiarid recharge. Ground Water, 46, 414–425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winograd, I. J., Riggs, A. C., & Coplen, T. B. (1998). The relative contributions of summer and cool-season precipitation to groundwater recharge, Springs Mountains, Nevada, USA. Hydrogeology Journal, 6, 77–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, C. (2000). Estimate of recharge from radiocarbon dating of groundwater and numerical flow and transport modeling. Water Resources Research, 36, 2607–2620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, C., & Murphy, W. M. (2000). On radioactive dating of ground water. Ground Water, 38, 802–804.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Maliva, R., Missimer, T. (2012). Environmental Isotopes. In: Arid Lands Water Evaluation and Management. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29104-3_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics