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Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

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Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology

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Synonyms

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD

Definition

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects about 8–12 % of school-age children, being more common in boys than in girls by a ratio of approximately 3:1. This condition is characterized by excessive inattention and impulsivity/hyperactivity for a given developmental level. In at least 50 % of cases, this condition produces enduring impairment in adulthood. ADHD has deleterious impact on several areas of social development such as educational attainment, family life, and occupational stability. ADHD has a strong hereditary basis, with genetic factors accounting for about 80 % of the phenotypic variance. Weak associations with ADHD have been reported for the 7-repeat polymorphism of the D4 dopaminergic receptor gene, the 10-repeat allele of the dopamine transporter (DAT1), alleles of the D2 and D5 dopaminergic receptors, the gene coding for catechol-O-methyl-transferase, and genes related to the noradrenergic...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Francisco Aboitiz

  2. New York University Child Study Center, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 1 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA

    F. Xavier Castellanos

  3. Servicio de Neurología y Psiquiatría infantil, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Ximena Carrasco

Authors
  1. Francisco Aboitiz
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  2. F. Xavier Castellanos
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  3. Ximena Carrasco
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francisco Aboitiz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Behavioural Pharmacology, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry P049, London, United Kingdom

    Ian P. Stolerman

  2. Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA

    Lawrence H. Price

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Aboitiz, F., Castellanos, F.X., Carrasco, X. (2014). Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders. In: Stolerman, I., Price, L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27772-6_338-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27772-6_338-2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27772-6

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