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Models of Quasars

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Fifty Years of Quasars

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 386))

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Abstract

At present, it is believed that all or most galaxies harbor a massive or even supermassive black hole in their nuclei. Sometimes gas finds its way close to and finally into the black hole. This process of accretion is thought to give rise to an active galactic nucleus and in extreme cases, a quasar. The most widely considered model then involves a black hole, an accretion disk, an obscuring torus (for unification), and, for radio-loud sources, very powerful relativistic radio jets.

Contributions by Mauro D’Onofrio, Paola Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, Julian Krolik, Martin Gaskell, Suzi Collin, Hagai Netzer, Bozena Czerny, Krzysztof Hryniewicz, Luigi Foschini, Michael Eracleous, Daniel Proga, Paolo Padovani, Serguei Komissarov, Isaac Shlosman, and Martin Elvis

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Anne-Marie Dumont has nothing to do with Simone Dumont with whom the previous papers were written.

  2. 2.

    Another paradigm, presently challenged

  3. 3.

    How the jet is triggered is one of the main unknown of the modern astrophysics.

  4. 4.

    This suggests that the relativistic AGN jets do not originate directly from accretion disks but from their central black holes.

  5. 5.

    I myself wondered back in late 1990s if the orientation of the disk spin could be behind the radio-loud and radio-quiet division and even discussed this idea with Sam Falle, Roger Blandford, and few other colleagues. However, I did not have any clear mechanism in mind. Moreover, the analysis of [338] indicated that retrograde disks were unstable. Finally, the black hole spin paradigm seemed to be a good alternative. In the end, I gave up on this idea. Later, [202] pointed to a flaw in the analysis by [338] and found that prograde disks were in fact stable.

  6. 6.

    I am not sure who exactly proposed this paradigm in the first place. This could have been Chris Reynolds indeed, as the question suggests, but as far as I know, in the scientific literature, this idea first floated in [140].

  7. 7.

    Accretion is growth by gravitational attraction of matter.

  8. 8.

    The proposed mechanism is essentially nonviscous but can be defined in terms of effective viscosity.

  9. 9.

    Spontaneous and induced bars can be accompanied by m = 1, 2, and 3 spiral perturbations.

  10. 10.

    For simplicity, I will use “quasar” for all forms activity associated with a supermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy. In the research literature, no single term spans this range, though “active galactic nuclei” comes close, with “quasar” being reserved for objects above an arbitrary luminosity threshold. To me, this is not a useful division, and “quasar” is a short, memorable, term that serves well.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I35122, Padova, Italy

    Mauro D’Onofrio

  2. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, IT35122, Padova, Italy

    Paola Marziani

  3. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Granada, Spain

    Jack W. Sulentic

  4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218-2686, USA

    Julian Krolik

  5. Departamento de Física y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso, Chile

    Martin Gaskell

  6. LUTH, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Section de Meudon, 92195, Meudon, France

    Suzi Collin

  7. School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel

    Hagai Netzer

  8. Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland

    Bozena Czerny & Krzysztof Hryniewicz

  9. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi, 46, 23807, Merate (LC), Italy

    Luigi Foschini

  10. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Center for Gravitational Wave Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab., University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Michael Eracleous

  11. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, LAs Vegas 4505, South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154-4002, USA

    Daniel Proga

  12. European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschiled-Str. 2, D-85748, Garching bei München, Germany

    Paolo Padovani

  13. School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, L529JT, UK

    Serguei Komissarov

  14. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA

    Isaac Shlosman

  15. Harward Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA02138, USA

    Martin Elvis

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  16. Martin Elvis
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Correspondence to Jack W. Sulentic .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, Padova, 35122, Italy

    Mauro D'Onofrio

  2. , Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, Padova, 35122, Italy

    Paola Marziani

  3. , (IAA-CSIC), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Camino Bajo del Huetor 50, Granada, 18008, Spain

    Jack W. Sulentic

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D’Onofrio, M. et al. (2012). Models of Quasars. In: D'Onofrio, M., Marziani, P., Sulentic, J. (eds) Fifty Years of Quasars. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 386. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27564-7_6

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