Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Enterale Ernährung von Frühgeborenen

  • Chapter
Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung

  • 7914 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Unmittelbar postnatal ist bei Frühgeborenen der rasche Beginn einer vollständigen parenteralen Ernährung zur Fortsetzung des physiologischen intrauterinen umbilikalen Nährstofftransports notwendig, da die Energiereserven gering sind, Katabolismus verhindert werden soll und die Entwicklung des Gehirns nicht beeinträchtigt werden darf (Huppi 2008). Bei einem 1000 g schweren Frühgeborenen beträgt die zirkulierende Glukosemenge ca. 0,15 g und ist nach ca. 8 min verbraucht; der Glykogenspeicher beträgt 5 g und reicht etwa 5 h.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 179.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Aggett PJ, Agostoni C, Axelsson I et al. (2006) Feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 42(5): 596–603

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agostoni C, Buonocore G, Carnielli VP et al. (2010) Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 50(1): 85–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrington KJ (2000) Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of position of the catheter tip. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2: CD000505

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Feigin RD et al. (1978) Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg 187(1): 1–7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berseth CL, Bisquera JA, Paje VU (2003) Prolonging small feeding volumes early in life decreases the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 111(3): 529–534

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatia P, Johnson KJ, Bell EF (1990) Variability of abdominal circumference of premature infants. J Pediatr Surg 25(5): 543–544

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bombell S, McGuire W (2009) Early trophic feeding for very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD000504

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burrin DG, Stoll B, Jiang R et al. (2000) Minimal enteral nutrient requirements for intestinal growth in neonatal piglets: how much is enough? Am J Clin Nutr 71(6): 1603–1610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cobb BA, Carlo WA, Ambalavanan N (2004) Gastric residuals and their relationship to necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 113(1): 50–53

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daga SR, Lunkad NG, Daga AS, Ahuja VK (1999) Orogastric versus nasogastric feeding of newborn babies. Trop Doct 29(4): 242–243

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobbing J, Sands J (1979) Comparative aspects of the brain growth spurt. Early Hum Dev 3(1): 79–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huppi PS (2008) Nutrition for the brain: commentary on the article by Isaacs et al. on page 308. Pediatr Res 63(3): 229–231

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franz AR, Mihatsch WA, Sander S, Kron M, Pohlandt F (2000) Prospective randomized trial of early versus late enteral iron supplementation in infants with a birth weight of less than 1301 grams. Pediatrics 106(4): 700–706

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fucile S, Gisel E, Lau C (2002) Oral stimulation accelerates the transition from tube to oral feeding in preterm infants. J Pediatr 141(2): 230–236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Georgieff MK, Hoffman JS, Pereira GR et al. (1985) Effect of neonatal caloric deprivation on head growth and 1-year developmental status in preterm infants. J Pediatr 107(4): 581–587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross SJ, Oehler JM, Eckerman CO (1983) Head growth and developmental outcome in very low-birth-weight infants. Pediatrics 71(1): 70–75

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hawes J, McEwan P, McGuire W (2004) Nasal versus oral route for placing feeding tubes in preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD003952

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hay WW, Lucas A, Heird WC et al. (1999) Workshop summary: nutrition of the extremely low birth weight infant. Pediatrics 104(6): 1360–1368

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson G, Fahey T, McGuire W (2007) Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard term formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4: CD004696

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Isaacs EB, Morley R, Lucas A (2009) Early diet and general cognitive outcome at adolescence in children born at or below 30 weeks gestation. J Pediatr 155(2): 229–234

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kenton AB, Fernandes CJ, Berseth CL (2004) Gastric residuals in prediction of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 113(6): 1848–1849; author reply 1848–1849

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maas C, Pohlandt F, Mihatsch WA, Franz A (2012) Prävention von Knochenmineralmangel bei Frühgeborenen. Klin Padiatr 224(2): 80–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire W, McEwan P (2007) Transpyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD003487

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mihatsch WA (2011) Enterale Ernährung von sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen. Pädiatrie hautnah 23(9/S1): S18–S20

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihatsch WA, Franz AR, Lindner W, Pohlandt F (2001) Meconium passage in extremely low birthweight infants and its relation to very early enteral nutrition. Acta Paediatrica 90(4): 409–411

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mihatsch WA, Franz AR, Högel J, Pohlandt F (2002a) Hydrolyzed protein accelerates feeding advancement in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 110(6): 1199–1203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mihatsch WA, Franz AR, Pohlandt F (2002b) Frühzeitige enterale Ernährung bei sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen ist nicht mit nekrotisierender Enterokolitis assoziiert. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 50(6): 724–733

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mihatsch WA, Schoenaich P von, Fahnenstich H et al. (2002c) The significance of gastric residuals in the early enteral feeding advancement of extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 109(3): 457–459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mihatsch WA, Hogel J, Pohlandt F (2004) The abdominal circumference to weight ratio increases with decreasing body weight in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr 93(2): 273–274

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moody GJ, Schanler RJ, Lau C, Shulman RJ (2000) Feeding tolerance in premature infants fed fortified human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 30(4): 408–412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan J, Young L, McGuire W (2011a) Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD001970

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan J, Young L, McGuire W (2011b) Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD001241

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng PC (2009) Use of oral erythromycin for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysmotility in preterm infants. Neonatology 95(2): 97–104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinelli J, Symington A (2005) Non-nutritive sucking for promoting physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4: CD001071

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pohlandt F, Mihatsch WA (2001) Wichtige Aspekte der enteralen Ernährung von sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 149(6): S38–S49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Premji SS, Chessell L (2011) Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for premature infants less than 1500 grams. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11: CD001819

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rigo J, Marlowe ML, Bonnot D et al. (2012) Benefits of a new pediatric triple-chamber bag for parenteral nutrition in preterm infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 54(2): 210–217

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaart MW, Schierbeek H, Schoor SR van der et al. (2005) Threonine utilization is high in the intestine of piglets. J Nutr 135(4): 765–770

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw JC (1976) Evidence for defective skeletal mineralization in low-birthweight infants: the absorption of calcium and fat. Pediatrics. 57(1): 16–25

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smart JL (1990) Vulnerability of developing brain to undernutrition. Ups J Med Sci Suppl 48: 21–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinmacher J, Pohlandt F, Bode H et al. (2007) Randomized trial of early versus late enteral iron supplementation in infants with a birth weight of less than 1301 grams: neurocognitive development at 5.3 years' corrected age. Pediatrics 120(3): 538–546

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens BE, Walden RV, Gargus RA et al. (2009) First-week protein and energy intakes are associated with 18-month developmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 123(5): 1337–1343

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsang R, Lucas A, Uauy R et al. (1993) Nutritional needs of the preterm infant, 2nd edn. Williams & Williams, New York; Caduceus medical publishers, Pawling

    Google Scholar 

  • Vochem M, Hamprecht K, Jahn G, Speer CP (1998) Transmission of cytomegalovirus to preterm infants through breast milk. Pediatr Infect Dis J 17(1): 53–58

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Städtische Kliniken München, Sanatoriumsplatz 2, 81545, München, Deutschland

    Walter A. Mihatsch Priv.-Doz. Dr.

  2. Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Fünf-Bäume-Weg 138/1, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland

    Frank Pohlandt Prof. Dr.

Authors
  1. Walter A. Mihatsch Priv.-Doz. Dr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Frank Pohlandt Prof. Dr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Christliches Kinderhospital Osnabrück, Johannisfreiheit 1, 49074, Osnabrück, Deutschland

    Burkhard Rodeck Priv.-Doz. Dr.

  2. Abteilung Allgemeine Pädiatrie und Neonatalogie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Feulgenstr. 12, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland

    Klaus-Peter Zimmer Prof. Dr.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mihatsch, W.A., Pohlandt, F. (2013). Enterale Ernährung von Frühgeborenen. In: Rodeck, B., Zimmer, KP. (eds) Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24710-1_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24710-1_28

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-24709-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-24710-1

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation