Skip to main content

An Adaptive Learning Approach for Fault-Tolerant Routing in Ad Hoc Networks

  • Conference paper
e-Technologies and Networks for Development (ICeND 2011)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 171))

  • 731 Accesses

Abstract

Reliable routing of packets in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) has always been a major concern. The open medium and the susceptibility of the nodes of being fault-prone make the design of protocols for these networks a challenging task. Faults in these networks may occur either due to the failure of nodes or due to their reorganisation in the network. These faults can eventuate to packet loss, which degrades the performance of any routing protocol. In this paper, we propose a routing algorithm, named as learning automata based fault-tolerant routing algorithm (LAFTRA), which is capable of routing in the presence of faulty nodes in MANETs using multi-path algorithm. In this work, we have used Learning Automata (LA) for optimizing the selection of paths from multipath routing. The results of simulation of our protocol using network simulator 2 (NS-2) shows the increase in packet delivery ratio and decrease in overhead compared to the existing protocols.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Salem, N., Hubaux, J.-P.: Securing wireless mesh networks. IEEE Wireless Communications 13(2), 50–55 (2006), doi:10.1109/MWC.2006.1632480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Akyildiz, I., Wang, X., Wang, W.: Wireless mesh networks: a survey. Computer Networks 47(4), 445–487 (2005), doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2004.12.001

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Yi, P., Tong, T., Liu, N., Wu, Y., Ma, J.: Security in Wireless Mesh Networks: Challenges and Solutions. In: Sixth International Conference on Information Technology New Generations, ITNG 2009, pp. 423–428, 27–29 (April 2009), doi:10.1109/ITNG.2009.20

    Google Scholar 

  4. Glass, S., Portmann, M., Muthukkumarasamy, V.: Securing Wireless Mesh Networks. IEEE Internet Computing 12(4), 30–36 (2008), doi:10.1109/MIC.2008.85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Xue, Y., Nahrstedt, K.: Providing fault-tolerant ad hoc routing service in adversarial environments. Wireless Personal Communications 29(3-4), 367–388 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Xue, Y., Nahrstedt, K.: Fault-tolerant routing in mobile ad hoc networks. In: Proceedings of the Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2003), vol. 2, pp. 1174–1179 (March 20, 2003), doi:10.1109/WCNC.2003.1200537

    Google Scholar 

  7. Royer, E.M., Toh, C.-K.: A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks. IEEE Personal Communications 6(2), 46–55 (1999), doi:10.1109/98.760423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Narendra, K.S., Thathachar, M.A.L.: Learning Automata: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics SMC-4(4), 323–334 (1974), doi:10.1109/TSMC.1974.5408453

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Tsetlin, M.L.: Automaton Theory and the Modelling of Biological Systems. Academic Press, New York (1973)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Narendra, K.S., Thathachar, M.A.L.: Learning Automata. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1989)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Oommen, B.J., Misra, S.: A Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using a Stochastic Learning-Based Weak Estimation Procedure. In: IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, 2006 (WiMob 2006), pp. 31–37 (June 2006), doi:10.1109/WIMOB.2006.1696374

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lakshmivarahan, S.: Learning Algorithms: Theory and Applications. Springer, New York (1981)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Perkins, C., Belding-Royer, E., Das, S.: Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing. IETF, RFC 3561 (July 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Thathachar, M.A.L., Sastry, P.S.: Networks of Learning Automata. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (2003)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Misra, S., Krishna, P.V., Abraham, K.I.: Adaptive Link State Routing and Intrusion Detection in Wireless Mesh Networks. IET Information Security 4(4), 374–389 (2010), doi:10.1049/iet-ifs.2009.0196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Misra, S., Dhurandher, S.K., Obaidat, M.S., Verma, K., Gupta, P.: A Low Overhead Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Based on Ant Swarm Intelligence. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 18(5), 637–649 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Misra, S., Krishna, P.V., Abraham, K.I., Sasikumar, N., Fredun, S.: An Adaptive Learning Routing Protocol for the Prevention of Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Wireless Mesh Networks. Computers and Mathematics with Applications 60(2), 294–306 (2010), doi:10.1016/j.camwa.2009.12.035

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Oommen, B.J., Misra, S.: Fault-Tolerant Routing in Adversarial Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: An Efficient Route Estimation Scheme for Non-Stationary Environments. Telecommunication Systems 44(1-2), 159–169 (2010), doi:10.1007/s11235-009-9215-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. ns-2: Network Simulator 2, http://www.nsnam.org

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Misra, S., Venkata Krishna, P., Bhiwal, A., Singh Chawla, A., Wolfinger, B.E. (2011). An Adaptive Learning Approach for Fault-Tolerant Routing in Ad Hoc Networks. In: Yonazi, J.J., Sedoyeka, E., Ariwa, E., El-Qawasmeh, E. (eds) e-Technologies and Networks for Development. ICeND 2011. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 171. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22729-5_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22729-5_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-22728-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-22729-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics