Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Reaktionen auf schwere Belastungen und Anpassungsstörungen

Klinische Psychopharmakotherapie

  • Chapter
Handbuch der psychiatrischen Pharmakotherapie

Zusammenfassung

Reaktionen auf schwere Belastungen – das sind die akute Stressoder Belastungsreaktion, die posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) sowie Anpassungsstörungen – werden innerhalb der ICD-10 unter der Diagnosegruppe F43 zusammengefasst. Die Störungen dieses Abschnitts unterscheiden sich nicht nur aufgrund ihrer Symptomatologie und des Verlaufs von anderen psychischen Störungen, sondern auch dadurch, dass sie im Zusammenhang mit einem oder zwei ursächlichen Faktoren stehen. So kann ein außergewöhnlich belastendes Lebensereignis z. B. eine akute Belastungsreaktion hervorrufen, oder es kann eine besondere Veränderung im Leben auft reten, die zu einer länger andauernden, in der Regel jedoch gutartig verlaufenden Beeinträchtigung im Sinne einer Anpassungsstörung führt.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Ahearn EP, Mussey M, Johnson C et al (2006) Quetiapine as an adjunctive treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: an 8-week open-label study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 21(1): 29–33

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alderman CP, Condon JT, Gilbert AL (2009) An open-label study of mirtazapine as treatment for combat-related PTSD. Ann Pharmacother 43(7): 1220–1226

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andrus MR, Gilbert E (2010) Treatment of civilian and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder with topiramate. Ann Pharmacother 44(11): 1810–1816

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartzokis G, Lu PH, Turner J et al (2005) Adjunctive risperidone in the treatment of chronic combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 57(5): 474–479

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Becker ME, Hertzberg MA, Moore SD et al (2007) A placebo-controlled trial of bupropion SR in the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 27(2): 193–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benkert O (2009) StressDepression. Beck, München

    Google Scholar 

  • Bering R, Horn A, Fischer G (2002) Psychopharmakotherapie der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung. Psychotraumatologie 3: 27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bisson JI, Ehlers A, Matthews R et al (2007) Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Systematic review and metaanalysis. Br J Psychiatry 190: 97–104

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brady K, Pearlstein T, Asnis GM (2000) Efficacy and safety of sertraline treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 283: 1837–1844

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bremner JD, Randall P, Scott TM et al (1995) Deficits in short-term memory in adult survivors of childhood abuse. Psychiatry Res 59(1–2): 97–107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant RA, Mastrodomenico J, Felmingham KL et al (2008) Treatment of acute stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65(6): 659–667

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant RA, Creamer M, O‘Donnell M et al (2009) A study of the protective function of acute morphine administration on subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 65(5): 438–440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Byers MG, Allison KM, Wendel CS, Lee JK (2010) Prazosin versus quetiapine for nighttime posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in veterans: an assessment of long-term comparative effectiveness and safety. J Clin Psychopharmacol 30(3): 225–229

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE et al (2003) Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301(5631): 386–389

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chhatwal JP, Davis M, Maguschak KA, Ressler KJ (2005) Enhancing cannabinoid neurotransmission augments the extinction of conditioned fear. Neuropsychopharmacology 30(3): 516–524

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Connor KM, Sutherland SM, Tupler LA et al (1999) Fluoxetine in post-traumatic stress disorder. Randomised, double-blind study. Br J Psychiatry 175: 17–22

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson JR (2003) Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: the impact of paroxetine. Psychopharmacol Bull 37(Suppl 1): 76–88

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson J, Kudler H, Smith R, Mahorney SL (1990) Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with amitriptyline and placebo. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 259–256

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson JR, Rothbaum BO, Van Der Kolk BA et al (2001) Multicenter, doubleblind comparison of sertraline and placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58: 485–492

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson JR, Weisler RH, Butterfield MI et al (2003) Mirtazapine vs. placebo in posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot trial. Biol Psychiatry 53(2): 188–191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson J, Rothbaum BO, Tucker P et al (2006a) Venlafaxine extended release in posttraumatic stress disorder: a sertraline- and placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 26(3): 259–267

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson J, Baldwin D, Stein DJ et al (2006b) Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with venlafaxine extended release: a 6-month randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63(10): 1158–1165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis LL, Davidson JR, Ward LC et al (2008) Divalproex in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial in a veteran population. J Clin Psychopharmacol 28(1): 84–88

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flatten G, Gast U, Hofmann A et al (2004) Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung – Leitlinie und Quellentext. 2. Aufl. Schattauer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Foa E, Hembree E, Rothbaum B (2007) Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD: emotional processing of traumatic experiences, therapist guide. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman MJ, Marmar CR, Baker DG et al (2007) Randomized, double-blind comparison of sertraline and placebo for posttraumatic stress disorder in a Department of Veterans Affairs setting. J Clin Psychiatry 68(5): 711–720

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galecki P, Zboralski K, Florkowski A (2005) The efficacy and safety of trazodone in the treatment of adjustment disorders – naturalistic research. Pol Merkur Lekarski 19(110): 183–187

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gelpin E, Bonne O, Peri T et al (1996) Treatment of recent trauma survivors with benzodiazepines: a prospective study. J Clin Psychiatry 57: 390–394

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guastella AJ, Richardson R, Lovibond PF et al (2008) A randomized controlled trial of D-cycloserine enhancement of exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. Biol Psychiatry 63(6): 544–549

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hameed U, Schwartz TL, Malhotra K et al (2005) Antidepressant treatment in the primary care office: outcomes for adjustment disorder versus major depression. Ann Clin Psychiatry 17(2): 77–81

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamner MB, Faldowski RA, Robert S et al (2009) A preliminary controlled trial of divalproex in posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry 21(2): 89–94

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heresco-Levy U, Vass A, Bloch B et al (2009) Pilot controlled trial of D-serine for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 12(9): 1275–1282

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hertzberg MA, Butterfield MI, Feldman ME et al (1999) A preliminary study of lamotrigine for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 45(9): 1226–1229

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hetrick SE, Purcell R, Garner B, Parslow R (2010) Combined pharmacotherapy and psychological therapies for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev (7): CD007316

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann A, Galley N, Solomon R (2005) EMDR in der Therapie psychotraumatischer Belastungssyndrome. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Hull A (2002) Neuroimaging findings in post-traumatic stress disorder. Br J Psychiatry 181: 102–110

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jovanovic T, Ressler KJ (2010) How the neurocircuitry and genetics of fear inhibition may inform our understanding of PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 167(6): 648–662

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karg K, Burmeister M, Shedden K, Sen S (2011) The serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR), stress, and depression meta-analysis revisited: evidence of genetic moderation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68(5): 444–454

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kellner M, Muhtz C, Wiedemann K (2010) Primary add-on of ziprasidone in sertraline treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: lessons from a stopped trial? J Clin Psychopharmacol 30(4): 471–473

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim Y, Asukai N, Konishi T et al (2008) Clinical evaluation of paroxetine in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): 52-week, non-comparative openlabel study for clinical use experience. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 62(6): 646–652

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kosten TR, Frank JB, Dan E et al (1991) Pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder using phenelzine or imipramine. J Nerv Ment Dis 179: 366–370

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kosten TR, Fontana A, Sernyak MJ, Rosenheck R (2000) Benzodiazepine use in posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans with substance abuse. J Nerv Ment Dis 188: 454–459

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kozaric-Kovacic D, Pivac N (2007) Quetiapine treatment in an open trial in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder with psychotic features. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 10(2): 253–261

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kushner MG, Kim SW, Donahue C et al (2007) D-cycloserine augmented exposure therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 62(8): 835–838

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ledgerwood L, Richardson R, Cranney J (2003) Effects of D-cycloserine on extinction of conditioned freezing. Behav Neurosci 117(2): 341–349

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liberzon I, Sripada CS (2007) The functional neuroanatomy of PTSD: a critical review. Prog Brain Res 167: 151–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindley SE, Carlson EB, Hill K (2007) A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of augmentation topiramate for chronic combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 27(6): 677–681

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall RD, Beebe KL, Oldham M, Zaninelli R (2001) Efficacy and safety of paroxetine treatment for chronic PTSD: a fixed dose, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 158: 1982–1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martenyi F, Brown EB, Zhang H et al (2002) Fluoxetine versus placebo in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 63(3): 199–206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martenyi F, Brown EB, Caldwell CD (2007) Failed efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: results of a fixed-dose, placebo- controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 27(2): 166–170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mathew SJ, Vythilingam M, Murrough JW et al (2010) A selective neurokinin- 1 receptor antagonist in chronic PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled, proof-of-concept trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 3: 221–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayou RA, Ehlers A, Hobbs M (2000) Psychological debriefing for road traffic accident victims: three-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 176: 589–593

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGaugh JL, McIntyre CK, Power AE (2002) Amygdala modulation of memory consolidation: interaction with other brain systems. Neurobiol Learn Mem 78: 539–535

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mellman TA, Bustamante V, David D, Fins AI (2002) Hypnotic medication in the aftermath of trauma. J Clin Psychiatry 63: 1183–1184

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell JT, Everly GS (2005) Streßbearbeitung nach belastenden Ereignissen (SBE). Stumpf & Kossendey, Edewecht

    Google Scholar 

  • NatureNews (2008) Illegal drug shows promise in treating trauma symptoms (by Arran Frood, published online 13. November 2008) http://www.nature.com/news/2008/081113/full/news.2008.1229.html

  • Neylan TC, Lenoci M, Samuelson KW et al (2006) No improvement of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms with guanfacine treatment. Am J Psychiatry 163(12): 2186–2188

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen N, Fakra E, Pradel V et al (2006) Efficacy of etifoxine compared to lorazepam monotherapy in the treatment of patients with adjustment disorders with anxiety: a double-blind controlled study in general practice. Hum Psychopharmacol 21(3): 139–149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Norberg MM, Krystal JH, Tolin DF (2008) A meta-analysis of D-cycloserine and the facilitation of fear extinction and exposure therapy. Biol Psychiatry 63(12): 1118–1126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Norrholm SD, Jovanovic T (2010) Tailoring therapeutic strategies for treating posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 6: 517–532

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pitman RK, Delahanty DL (2005) Conceptually driven pharmacologic approaches to acute trauma. CNS Spectr 10: 99–106

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pitman RK, Sanders KM, Zusman RM (2002) Pilot study of secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with propranolol. Biol Psychiatry 15: 189–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Post RM, Weiss SR, Smith M et al (1997) Kindling versus quenching. Implications for the evolution and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann NY Acad Sci 821: 285–295

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powers MB, Halpern JM, Ferenschak MP et al (2010) A meta-analytic review of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin Psychol Rev 30(6): 635–641

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Kanter ED (2003) Reduction of nightmares and other PTSD symptoms in combat veterans by prazosin: a placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 160: 371–373

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Hoff DJ et al (2007) A parallel group placebo controlled study of prazosin for trauma nightmares and sleep disturbance in combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 61(8): 928–934

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reist C, Kauffmann CD, Haier RJ et al (1989) A controlled trial of desipramine in 18 men with posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 146(4): 513–516

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ressler KJ, Rothbaum BO, Tannenbaum L et al (2004) Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy: use of D-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fear. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61(11): 1136–1144

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robb AS, Cueva JE, Sporn J et al (2010) Sertraline treatment of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder: a double-blind, placebo- controlled trial. J Child Adolesc Phychopharmacol 20(6): 463–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robert R, Blakeney PE, Villarreal C et al (1999) Imipramine treatment in pediatric burn patients with symptoms of acute stress disorder: a pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38(7): 873–882

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rothbaum B, Foa E, Hembree E (2003) Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen. In: Maercker A (Hrsg) Therapie der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, S 75–90

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Saxe G, Stoddard F, Courtney D (2001) Relationship between acute morphine and the course of PTSD in children with burns. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40: 915–921

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharp S, Thomas C, Rosenberg L et al (2010) Propranolol does not reduce risk for acute stress disorder in pediatric burn trauma. J Trauma 68(1): 193–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simon NM, Connor KM, Lang AJ et al (2008) Paroxetine CR augmentation for posttraumatic stress disorder refractory to prolonged exposure therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 69(3): 400–405

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein DJ, Ipser JC, Seedat S (2006) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD002795

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suzanna RO, Jonathan BI, Simon WE (2002) Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2): CD000560

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor FB, Martin P, Thompson C et al (2008) Prazosin effects on objective sleep measures and clinical symptoms in civilian trauma posttraumatic stress disorder: a placebo-controlled study. Biol Psychiatry 63(6): 629–632

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tcheung WJ, Robert R, Rosenberg L et al (2005) Early treatment of acute stress disorder in children with major burn injury. Pediatr Crit Care Med 6(6): 676–681

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker P, Zaninelli R, Yehuda R et al (2001) Paroxetine in the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: results of a placebo-controlled, flexible-dosage trial. J Clin Psychiatry 62: 860–868

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker P, Trautman RP, Wyatt DB et al (2007) Efficacy and safety of topiramate monotherapy in civilian posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry 68(2): 201–206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Kolk BA, Dreyfuss D, Michaels M et al (1994) Fluoxetine in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 55(12): 517–522

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Kolk BA, Spinazzola J, Blaustein ME et al (2007) A randomized clinical trial of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance. J Clin Psychiatry 68(1): 37–46

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Villarreal G, Cañive JM, Calais LA et al (2010) Duloxetine in military posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull. 43 (3) : 26–34

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walderhaug E, Kasserman S, Aikins D et al (2010) Effects of duloxetine in treatment-refractory men with posttraumatic stress disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry 43(2): 45–49

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker DL, Ressler KJ, Lu KT, Davis M (2002) Facilitation of conditioned fear extinction by systemic administration of intra-amygdala infusions of Dcycloserine as assessed with fear-potentiated startle in rats. J Neurosci 22(6): 2343–2351

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilhelm S, Buhlmann U, Tolin DF et al (2008) Augmentation of behavior therapy with D-cycloserine for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 165(3): 335–341

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen

    Dr., Dipl.-Kfm. Michael Paulzen

  2. Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen

    Prof. Dr. Gerhard Gründer

Authors
  1. Dr., Dipl.-Kfm. Michael Paulzen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prof. Dr. Gerhard Gründer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen

    Gerhard Gründer

  2. Luisenstr. 19, 55124, Mainz

    Otto Benkert

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Paulzen, M., Gründer, G. (2012). Reaktionen auf schwere Belastungen und Anpassungsstörungen. In: Gründer, G., Benkert, O. (eds) Handbuch der psychiatrischen Pharmakotherapie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19844-1_80

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19844-1_80

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-19843-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-19844-1

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation