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Advanced Optical Components

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Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics

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Abstract

This chapter describes a selection of advanced optical components including the underlying physical principles, production techniques and already existing or possible future applications.

Several of these optical elements, in particular variable lenses and photonic crystals, may replace conventional optical systems once their potential for applications has been fully explored. Other components such as high-quality optical fibres, though well established and used worldwide, still undergo a rapid further improvement and integration in communication systems.

Besides increased quality and versatility, a driving force and essential aspect in the development of optical components in general is low cost and mass production.

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Abbreviations

1-D:

one-dimensional

2-D:

two-dimensional

AFM:

atomic force microscope

AOM:

acoustooptic modulator

AR:

antireflection

ATR:

attenuated total reflection

BCML:

block copolymer micelle nanolithography

BZ:

Brillouin zone

CCD:

charge-coupled device

CCW:

coupled cavity waveguide

CD:

compact disc

CDF:

channel dropping filter

CGH:

computer generated hologram

COC:

cyclic olefin copolymer

COP:

cyclic olefin polymer

CVD:

chemical vapor deposition

DBR:

distributed Bragg reflector

DFB:

distributed feedback

DFG:

difference-frequency generation

DOE:

diffractive optical element

DOM:

dissolved organic matter

DOS:

density of states

DUV:

deep ultraviolet

DWDM:

dense wavelength division multiplexed

EFS:

equi-frequency surface

EMT:

effective-medium theory

EOM:

electrooptic modulator

EWOD:

electrowetting on dielectrics

FDTD:

finite-difference time domain

FZP:

Fresnel zone plate

GRIN:

gradient index

GVD:

group velocity dispersion

HF:

high frequency

HMD:

head-mounted display

ICP:

inductively coupled plasma

IFTA:

iterative Fourier-transform algorithm

IL:

interference lithography

IR:

infrared

ITO:

indium–tin oxide

LCoS:

liquid crystal on silicon

LD:

laser diode

LED:

light-emitting diode

LH:

left-handed

LPE:

liquid-phase epitaxy

MEMS:

microelectromechanical system

MPC:

metallic photonic crystal

NA:

numerical aperture

NCPM:

noncritical phase matching

NIM:

nearly index-matched

NLO:

nonlinear optical

NOP:

nonlinear optical phenomenon

NPC:

nonlinear photonic crystal

OCT:

optical coherence tomography

OK:

optical Kerr

OP:

oriented-patterned

OPG:

optical parametric generation

OPL:

optical path length

OPO:

optical parametric oscillator

OPP:

optical parametric process

PB:

photonic band

PBG:

photonic band gap

PBS:

photonic band structure

PBS:

polarizing beam splitter

PC:

photonic crystal

PDMS:

polydimethylsiloxane

PM:

polarization-maintaining

PMMA:

polymethylmethacrylate

PPKTP:

periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate

PPLN:

periodically poled lithium niobate

PS:

polystyrene

PSF:

point spread function

QC:

quasicrystals

QD:

quantum dot

QED:

quantum electrodynamics

QPM:

quasi-phase matching

QW:

quantum well

RCWA:

rigorous coupled wave analysis

RGB:

red, green and blue

RIE:

reactive-ion etching

RS:

Raman scattering

SE:

spontaneous emission

SEM:

scanning electron microscope

SFG:

sum-frequency generation

SHG:

second-harmonic generation

SMF:

single-mode fiber

SMZ:

symmetrical Mach–Zehnder

SNOM:

scanning near-field optical microscope

SNR:

signal-to-noise ratio

SOI:

silicon-on-insulator

SP:

Smith–Purcell

SPM:

self-phase modulation

SPP:

surface plasmon polariton

SRS:

stimulated Raman scattering

TE:

transverse electric

THG:

third-harmonic generation

TM:

transition metal

TM:

transversal magnetic

TM:

transverse magnetic

TO:

thermooptic

TO:

topology optimization

UV:

ultraviolet

WD:

working distance

WDM:

wavelength division multiplexing

WG:

waveguide

WGP:

wire-grid polarizer

YAG:

yttrium aluminium garnet

fcc:

face-centered cubic

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SciTec University of Applied Sciences, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Robert Brunner

  2. Mathematics and Science Faculty, University of Applied Sciences, Schoefferstrasse 3, 64295, Darmstadt, Germany

    Malte Hagemann

  3. Product Manager Optical Filters, Schott AG, Hattenbergstr. 10, 55014, Mainz, Germany

    Steffen Reichel

  4. Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, 305-8571, Tsukuba, Japan

    Kiyoshi Asakawa

  5. Central Research and Technology, Carl Zeiss AG, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Enrico Geißler

  6. Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., 5160 Hacienda Drive, 94568, Dublin, CA, USA

    Dietrich Martin

  7. Research and Development, Management, Grintech GmbH, Schillerstr. 1, 07745, Jena, Germany

    Bernhard Messerschmidt

  8. Chiba City Museum of Science, 4-5-1 Chuo, Chuo ku, 260-0013, Chiba City, Japan

    Kazuo Ohtaka

  9. Institute of Physics, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    Elisabeth Soergel

  10. Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Schoefferstrasse 3, 64295, Darmstadt, Germany

    Matthias Brinkmann

  11. Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, Chitose, Japan

    Kuon Inoue (deceased)

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  1. Robert Brunner
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Correspondence to Robert Brunner , Malte Hagemann , Steffen Reichel , Kiyoshi Asakawa , Enrico Geißler , Dietrich Martin , Bernhard Messerschmidt , Kazuo Ohtaka , Elisabeth Soergel or Matthias Brinkmann .

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    Frank Träger

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Brunner, R. et al. (2012). Advanced Optical Components. In: Träger, F. (eds) Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19409-2_8

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