Abstract
Creating networks of “smart things” found in the physical world (e.g., with RFID, wireless sensor and actuator networks, embedded devices) on a large scale has become the goal of a variety of recent research activities. Rather than exposing real-world data and functionality through vertical system designs, we propose to make them an integral part of the Web. As a result, smart things become easier to build upon. In such an architecture, popular Web technologies (e.g., HTML, JavaScript, Ajax, PHP, Ruby) can be used to build applications involving smart things, and users can leverage well-known Web mechanisms (e.g., browsing, searching, bookmarking, caching, linking) to interact with and share these devices. In this chapter, we describe the Web of Things (WoT) architecture and best practices based on the RESTful principles that have already contributed to the popular success, scalability, and evolvability of the Web. We discuss several prototypes using these principles, which connect environmental sensor nodes, energy monitoring systems, and RFID-tagged objects to the Web. We also show how Web-enabled smart things can be used in lightweight ad-hoc applications, called “physical Mashups”, and discuss some of the remaining challenges towards the global World Wide Web of Things.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Drytkiewicz W, Radusch I, Arbanowski S, Popescu-Zeletin R (2004) pREST: a REST-based protocol for pervasive systems. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems
Duquennoy S, Grimaud G, Vandewalle J (2009) The Web of Things: interconnecting devices with high usability and performance. Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS’09). HangZhou, Zhejiang, China
Fielding RT (2000), Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California. Irvine, USA
Floerkemeier C, Lampe M, Roduner C (2007) Facilitating RFID Development with the Accada Prototyping Platform. Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops. IEEE Computer Society
Guinard D, Trifa V, Pham T, Liechti O (2009) Towards Physical Mashups in the Web of Things. Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Networked Sensing Systems (INSS). Pittsburgh, USA
Guinard D, Fischer M, Trifa V (2010a) Sharing Using Social Networks in a Composable Web of Things. Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Workshop on the Web of Things (WoT 2010) at IEEE PerCom, Mannheim, Germany
Guinard D, Mueller M, Pasquier J (2010b) Giving RFID a REST: Building a Web-Enabled EPCIS. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on the Internet of Things (IOT 2010). Tokyo, Japan
Guinard D, Trifa V, Wilde E (2010c) A Resource Oriented Architecture for the Web of Things. Proceedings of IoT 2010, IEEE International Conference on the Internet of Things. Tokyo, Japan
Guinard D, Trifa M, Karnouskos S, Spiess P, Savio D (2010d) Interacting with the SOA-Based Internet of Things: Discovery, Query, Selection, and On-Demand Provisioning of Web Services., IEEE Transactions on Services Computing. 3, 223–235
Hui J, Culler D (2008) Extending IP to low-power, wireless personal area networks. IEEE Internet Comput 12:37–45
Hui J, Culler D (2008) IP is dead, long live IP for wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on embedded network sensor systems. ACM, Raleigh, NC, USA
Kindberg T, Barton J, Morgan J, Becker G, Caswell D, Debaty P, Gopal G, Frid M, Krishnan V, Morris H, Schettino J, Serra B, Spasojevic M (2002) People, places, things: web presence for the real world. Mob Netw Appl 7:365–376
Luckenbach T, Gober P, Arbanowski S, Kotsopoulos A, Kim K (2005) TinyREST - A protocol for integrating sensor networks into the internet. Proceedings of the Workshop on Real- World Wireless Sensor Network: SICS. Stockholm, Sweden
Luo L, Kansal A, Nath S, Zhao F (2008) Sharing and exploring sensor streams over geocentric interfaces. Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGSPATIAL international conference on advances in geographic information systems. ACM, Irvine, California
Pautasso C, Wilde E (2009) Why is the Web Loosely Coupled? A Multi-Faceted Metric for Service Design. Proceedings of the 18th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2009). Madrid, Spain
Priyantha NB, Kansal A, Goraczko M, Zhao F (2008) Tiny web services: design and implementation of interoperable and evolvable sensor networks. Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on embedded network sensor systems. ACM, Raleigh, NC, USA
Richardson L, Ruby S (2007) RESTful Web Services. O’Reilly Media, Inc
Stirbu V (2008) Towards a RESTful Plug and Play Experience in the Web of Things. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing
Trifa V, Wieland S, Guinard D, Bohnert TM (2009) Design and Implementation of a Gateway for Web-based Interaction and Management of Embedded Devices. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Sensor Network Engineering (IWSNE 09). Marina del Rey, CA, USA
Trifa V, Guinard D, Davidovski V, Kamilaris A, Delchev I (2010) Web-based Messaging Mechanisms for Open and Scalable Distributed Sensing Applications. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2010). Vienna, Austria
Wilde E (2007) Putting Things to REST. School of Information. UC Berkeley
Yazar D, Dunkels A (2009) Efficient Application Integration in IP-based Sensor Networks. Proceedings of ACM BuildSys, the First ACM Workshop On Embedded Sensing Systems For Energy-Efficiency In Buildings, BuildSys. Berkeley, USA
Yu J, Benatallah B, Casati F, Daniel F (2008) Understanding Mashup Development. IEEE Internet Comput 12:44–52
Zang N, Rosson MB, Nasser V (2008) Mashups: who? what? why?. Proceedings of CHI ’08 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems. ACM, Florence, Italy
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Guinard, D., Trifa, V., Mattern, F., Wilde, E. (2011). From the Internet of Things to the Web of Things: Resource-oriented Architecture and Best Practices. In: Uckelmann, D., Harrison, M., Michahelles, F. (eds) Architecting the Internet of Things. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19157-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19157-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-19156-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-19157-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)