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Allosterically Controlled Ribozymes as Artificial Ribonucleases

  • Chapter
Artificial Nucleases

Part of the book series: Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology ((NUCLEIC,volume 13))

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Abstract

Ribozymes are catalytic RNAs. Representative ribozymes that exist in nature include hammerhead, hairpin, hepatitis delta virus (HDV) and Neurospora VS ribozymes; group I and II introns; the RNA subunit of RNase P; and ribosomal RNA (Birikh et al. 1997; Doudna 1998; Zhou and Taira 1998; Walter and Burke 1998; Carola and Eckstein 1999; Gesteland et al. 1999; Lilley 1999; Scott 1999; Warashina et al. 1999a, 2000a). These ribozymes catalyze a variety of reactions, which include site-specific cleavage and the ligation and polymerization of nucleotides (Cech and Bass 1986; Alberts et al. 1994; Severin et al. 1997; Famulok 1999; Gesteland et al. 1999; Lee et al. 2000; Li and Breaker 1999; Marshall and Ellington 1999; Roberts and Ja 1999; Soukup and Breaker 1999; Wilson and Szostak 1999). RNA catalysis is of particular current interest because of the potential utility of ribozymes, which can cleave specific sequences of interest, as therapeutic agents and as specific regulators of gene expression (Cech 1988; Yu et al. 1995; Bertrand et al. 1997; Birikh et al. 1997; Kawasaki et al. 1998; Lan et al. 1998; Plehn-Dujowich and Altman 1998; Kuwabara et al. 1998a,b, 1999; Koseki et al. 1999; Warashina et al. 1999b; Tanabe et al. 2000a). Both hammerhead and hairpin ribozymes have considerable potential in a clinical setting because of their small size and great specificity. The ability of these ribozymes to cleave target RNA molecules at specific sites makes them useful as inhibitors of viral replication and malignancy (Scanlon 1998; Rossi and Couture 1999; Krupp and Gaur 2000). Large numbers of artificial ribozymes with a great variety of catalytic activities have also been created by in vitro selection procedures (Famulok 1999; Roberts and Ja 1999).

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan

    M. Iyo, H. Kawasaki, M. Miyagishi & K. Taira

  2. Gene Function Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba Science City, 305-8562, Japan

    H. Kawasaki, M. Miyagishi & K. Taira

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  1. Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 8, Lavrentiev ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia

    Marina A. Zenkova

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Iyo, M., Kawasaki, H., Miyagishi, M., Taira, K. (2004). Allosterically Controlled Ribozymes as Artificial Ribonucleases. In: Zenkova, M.A. (eds) Artificial Nucleases. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, vol 13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18510-6_7

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