Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Jugend ist Stärke und Alter ist Schwäche der Reparaturmechanismen

  • Chapter
Was ist Alter(n)?

  • 2364 Accesses

Auszug

Alle Lebewesen sind trotz einer ständigen Erneuerung ihrer organischen Substanz der Alterung unterworfen. Was das Altern ausmacht ist nicht wirklich verstanden. Nicht nur die Biochemie der Organismen, insbesondere die Bildung, der Abraum und die Nachbildung von Proteinen, ist Teil der fortlaufenden Erneuerung, sondern es werden auch in fast allen Organen beständig alternde Zellen ausgewechselt. Nur die Zellen von Herz und Gehirn sind weit überwiegend postmitotisch, d.h. sie teilen sich nicht mehr und müssen daher lebenslang überdauern. Bei den Lebensprozessen kommt es zu Fehlern. Diese werden erkannt und können in der Regel durch geeignete Reparaturmechanismen ausgeglichen werden. Im Folgenden wird die Annahme begründet und geprüft, dass das Altern von Organen und Organismen die Folge und nicht die Ursache einer lebenslang fortschreitenden Schwächung von Reparaturmechanismen ist.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Arias, E. (2002). United States life tables 2000. Natl. Vital Stat. Rep., 51, 1–38.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bordone, L. & Guarente, L. (2005). Caloric restriction, SIRT-1 and metabolism: Understanding Longevity. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 6, 298–305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bower, J.H. et al. (1999). Incidence and distribution of Parkinsonism in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976–1990. Neurology, 52, 1214–1220.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowling, A.C. et al. (1993). Age-dependent impairment of mitochondrial function in primate brain. J. Neurochem., 60, 1964–1967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dichgans, J. (1999). Altern in Teilen? Systemalterungen des Nervensystems. In: W. Köhler (Hrsg.): Altern und Lebenszeit. Nova Acta Leopoldina, NF 81, 314, 351–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrer, I. et al. (2004). Neuropathology and pathogenesis of encephalitis following amyloid-beta immunization in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Pathol., 14, 11–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finch, C. E. & Tanzi, R. E. (1997). Genetics of aging. Science, 278, 407–411.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finkel, T. & Holbrook, N. J. (2000). Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature, 408, 239–247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finkel T. (2005). Radical medicine: Treating ageing to cure disease. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 6, 971–976.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forman, M. S., Trojanowski, J. Q. & Lee, V. M. (2004). Neurodegenerative diseases: a decade of discoveries paves the way for therapeutic breakthroughs. Nature Med., 10, 1055–1063.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glatt, S. J., Chayavichitsilp, P., Depp, C., Schork, N. J. & Jeste, D. V. (2007). Successful aging: from phenotype to genotype. Biol. Psychiatry (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grune, T., Jung, T., Merker, K. & Davies, K. J. (2004). Decreased proteolysis caused by protein aggregates, inclusion bodies, plaques, lipofuscin, ceroid and “agressomes” during oxidative aging and disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 36, 2519–2530.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hakim, A. A., Petrovitch, H., Burchfiel, C. M., Ross, G. W., Rodriguez, B. L., White, L. R., Yano, K., Curb, J. D. & Abbott, R. D. (1998). Effects of walking on mortality among nonsmoking retired men. N. Engl. J. Med., 338, 94–99.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishii, N., Senoo-Matsuda, N., Miyake, K., Yasuda, K., Ishii, T. Hartman, P. S. & Furukawa, S. (2004). Coenzyme Q10 can prolong C. elegans lifespan by lowering oxidative stress. Mech. Ageing Dev., 125, 41–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, J. N. et al. (2004). Autophagy, proteasomes, lipofuscin and oxidative stress in the aging brain. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 36, 2376–2391.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kroll, J. (2005). Chaperones and longevity. Biogerontology, 6, 357–361.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lagouge, M. et al. (2006). Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-lalpha. Cell, 127, 1109–1122.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lakowski, B. & Hekemi, S. (1996). Determination of life-span in caenorhabditis elegans by four clock genes. Science, 272, 1010–1013.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madamanchi, N. R., Vendrov, A. & Runge, M. S. (2005). Oxidative stress and vascular disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25, 29–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, B., Mattson, M. P. & Maudsley, S. (2006). Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting: two potential diets for successful brain aging. Ageing Res. Rev., 5, 332–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manson, J. E. et al. (1995). Body weight and mortality among women. New Engl. J. Med. 333, 677–685.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masliah, E. et al. (2005). A-beta vaccination effects on plaque pathology in the absence of encephalitis in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 64, 129–132.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNaught, K. S., Belizaire, R., Isacson, O., Jenner, P. & Olanow, C. W. (2003). Altered proteasomal function in sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Exp. Neurol., 179, 38–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNaught, K. S., and Jenner, P. (2001). Proteasomal function is impaired in substantia nigra in Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci. Lett., 297, 191–194.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melov, S., Ravenscroft, J., Malik, S., Gill, M. S., Walker, D. W., Clayton, P. E., Wallace, D. C., Malfroy, B., Doctrow, S. R., & Lithgow, G. J. (2000). Extension of life-span with superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics. Science, 289, 1567–1569.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merrill, R. M. & Weed, D. L. (2001). Measuring the public health burden of cancer in the United States trough lifetime and age-conditional risk estimates. Ann. Epidemol., 11, 547–553.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morley, J. F. & Morimoto, R. I. (2004). Regulation of longivity in Caenorhabditis elegans by heat shock factor and molecular chaperones. Mol. Biol. Cell., 15, 657–664.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morley, J. F., Brignull, H. R., Weyers, J. J. & Morimoto, R. I. (2002). The threshold for polyglutamine-expansion protein aggregation and cellular toxicity is dynamic and influenced by ageing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 10417–10422.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan et al. (2003). JAMA 290, 1884–1890.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicoll, J. A. et al. (2003). Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-beta peptide: a case report. Nature Med., 9, 448–452.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, R. L. & Ellis, C. E. (2003). Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. New Engl. J. Med., 348, 1356–1364.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oeppen, J. & Vaupel, J. W. (2002). Broken limits to life expectancy. Science, 296, 1029–1031.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orgel, L. E. (1963). Maintenance of the accuracy of protein synthesis and its relevance to aging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 49, 517–521.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perls, T. T. et al. (2002). Life-long sustained mortality advantage of siblings of centenarians. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 8442–8447.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schenk, D. et al. (1999). Immunization with amyloid-beta attenuates Alzheimer-disease like pathology in the PDAPP mouse. Nature, 400, 173–177.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schöls, L. & Rieß, O. (2002). Spinocerebelläre Ataxien. In: O. Rieß und L. Schöls (Hrsg.): Neurogenetik. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schriner, S. E. et al. (2005). Extension of murine life span by overexpression of catalase targeted to mitochondria. Science, 308, 1909–1911.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz, J. B. & Beyreuther, K. (2002). Biologie des Alterns. In: DFG (Hrsg.) Perspektiven der Forschung und ihrer Förderung. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soti, C. & Csermely, P. (2003). Aging and molecular chaperones. Exp. Gerontol., 38, 1037–1040.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Storz, P. (2005). Reactive oxygen species in tumor progression. Front. Biosci. 10, 1881–1896.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trougakos, I. P. & Gonos, E. S. (2006). Regulation of clusterin/apolipoprotein J a functional homologue to the small heat shock proteins, by oxidative stress in ageing and age-related diseases. Free Radic. Res., 40, 1324–1334.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, D. M. & Selkoe, D. J. (2004). Deciphering the molecular basis of memory failure in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuron 44, 181–193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weindruch, R. & Sohal, R. S. (1997). Caloric intake and aging. New Engl. J. Med., 337, 986–994.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, J. G., Rogina, B., Lavu, S., Howitz, K. Helfand, S. L., Tatar, M. & Sinclair, D. (2004). Sirtuin activators mimic caloric restriction and delay ageing in metazoans. Nature, 430, 686–689.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, A., Lucas, J. J. & Hen, R. (2000). Reversal of neuropathology and motor dysfunction in a conditional model of Huntington’s disease. Cell, 101, 57–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng, B. Y., Medhurst, A. D., Jackson, M., Rose, S. & Jenner, P. (2005). Proteasomal activity in brain differs between species and brain regions and changes with age. Mech. Ageing. Dev., 126, 760–766.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Tïubingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen

    Prof. Dr. med. Johannes Dichgans

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr. med. Johannes Dichgans
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen

    Ursula M. Staudinger

  2. Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit J5, 68159, Mannheim

    Heinz Häfner

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dichgans, J. (2008). Jugend ist Stärke und Alter ist Schwäche der Reparaturmechanismen. In: Staudinger, U.M., Häfner, H. (eds) Was ist Alter(n)?. Schriften der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, vol 18. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76711-4_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76711-4_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-76710-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-76711-4

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation