Skip to main content

Stochastic Methods for Dynamic OVSF Code Assignment in 3G Networks

  • Conference paper
Stochastic Algorithms: Foundations and Applications (SAGA 2007)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 4665))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 523 Accesses

Abstract

Orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes are widely used to provide variable data rates for supporting different bandwidth requirements in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems. Many works in the literature have intensively investigated to find an optimal dynamic code assignment scheme for OVSF codes. Unlike earlier studies, which assign OVSF codes using conventional (CCA) or dynamic (DCA) code allocation schemes, in this paper, stochastic optimization methods which are genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) were applied which population is adaptively constructed according to existing traffic density in the OVSF code-tree. Also, the influences of the GA (selection, crossover and mutation techniques) and the SA (cooling schedules, number of inner loop) parameters were examined on the dynamic OVSF code allocation problem. Simulation results show that the GA and SA provide reduced code blocking probability and improved spectral efficiency when compared to the CCA and DCA schemes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Holma, H., Toksala, A.: WCDMA for UMTS. Wiley, Nokia, Finland (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Adachi, F., Sawahashi, M., Okawa, K.: Tree structured generation of orthogonal spreading codes with different lengths for forward link of DS-CDMA mobile. IEE Electronics Letters 33, 27–28 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Minn, T., Siu, K.Y.: Dynamic Assignment of Orthogonal Variable- Spreading-Factor Codes in W-CDMA. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 18(8), 1429–1440 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Okawa, K., Adachi, F.: Orthogonal Forward Link Using Orthogonal Multi Spreading Factor Codes for Coherent DS-CDMA Mobile Radio. IEICE Transactions on Communication E81-B(4), 778–779 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Tseng, Y.C., Chao, C.M.: Code Placement and Replacement Strategies for Wideband CDMA OVSF Code Tree Management. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 1(4), 293–302 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chao, C.M., Tseng, Y.C., Wang, L.C.: Reducing Internal and External Fragmentations of OVSF Codes in WCDMA Systems with Multiple Codes. In: In Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conf., vol. 1, pp. 693–698 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Goldberg, D.E.: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1989)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Manetta, L., Ollino, L., Schillaci, M.: Use of an Evolutionary Tool for Antenna Array Synthesis. In: Rothlauf, F., Branke, J., Cagnoni, S., Corne, D.W., Drechsler, R., Jin, Y., Machado, P., Marchiori, E., Romero, J., Smith, G.D., Squillero, G. (eds.) Applications of Evolutionary Computing. LNCS, vol. 3449, pp. 245–253. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Shayesteh, M.G., Menhaj, M.B., Nobary, B.G.: A New Modified Genetic Algorithm for Multiuser Detection in DS/CDMA Systems. In: Reusch, B. (ed.) Computational Intelligence. Theory and Applications. LNCS, vol. 2206, p. 608. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Cinteza, M., Radulescu, T., Marghescu, I.: Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Code Allocation Strategy Using Genetic Algorithms. Cost 290, Technical Document, Traffic and QoS Management in Wireless Multimedia Networks (Wi-QoST) (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, J.C.D., Vecchi, M.P.: Optimization by Simulated Annealing. Science 220, 671–680 (1983)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Yoon, S.H., Rao, S.S.: Annealed neural network based multiuser detector in code division multiple access communications. IEE Communications Proceedings 147(1), 57–62 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Osseiran, A., Logothetis, A.: A method for designing fixed multibeam antenna arrays in WCDMA systems. Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 5, 41–44 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Juraj Hromkovič Richard Královič Marc Nunkesser Peter Widmayer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Karakoc, M., Kavak, A. (2007). Stochastic Methods for Dynamic OVSF Code Assignment in 3G Networks. In: Hromkovič, J., Královič, R., Nunkesser, M., Widmayer, P. (eds) Stochastic Algorithms: Foundations and Applications. SAGA 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4665. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74871-7_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74871-7_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74870-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74871-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics