Abstract
Thermal indices such as the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) (Thom 1959) are useful tools for the management of domestic animals during periods of hot weather. The usefulness of a climate index is limited, however, if it is not in some way related to an animal response. The biological response of animals to prevailing weather conditions has been studied and quantified within the context of weather conditions (e.g. Berry et al. 1964; Hahn and McQuigg 1970a; Hahn 1976; Baccari 2001; Eigenberg et al. 2008; Gaughan et al. 2008).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amundson JL, Mader TL, Rasby RJ, Hu QS (2006) Environmental effects on pregnancy rate in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 84:3415–3420
Baccari Jr. F (2001) Manejo ambiental da vacaleiteira em climas quentes. [Environmental management of dairy cows in hot climates] Editora da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 142pp
Baeta FC, Meador NF, Shanklin MD, Johnson HD (1987) Equivalent temperature index at temperatures above the thermoneutral for lactating dairy cows. Paper 87–4015, ASAE, St. Joseph, 6pp
Berry IL, Shanklin MD, Johnson HD (1964) Dairy shelter design based on milk production decline as affected by temperature and humidity. Trans ASAE 7:329–331
Brown-Brandl TM, Beck MM, Schulte DD, Parkhurst AM, DeShazer JA (1997) Temperature-humidity index for growing tom turkeys. Trans ASAE 49:203–209
Brown-Brandl TM, Eigenberg RA, Nienaber JA (2005) Heat stress risk factors for feedlot cattle. Proceedings of the 7th International Livestock Environment Symposium, ASAE, St. Joseph, pp 559–565
Buffington DE, Collazo-Arocho A, Canton GH, Pitt D, Thatcher WW, Collier RJ (1981) Black globe-humidity index (BGHI) as a comfort equation for dairy cows. Trans ASAE 24:711–714
Davison T, McGowan M, Mayer D, Young B, Jonsson N, Hall A, Matschoss A, Goodwin P, Gaughan J, Lake M (1996) Managing hot cows in Australia. QDPI, Brisbane, 58pp
Da Silva RG (2000) Introducao a bioclimatologia animal. [Introduction to animal bioclimatology.] Nobel, Sao Paulo, 286pp
De la Casa A, Ravelo AC (2003) Assessing temperature and humidity conditions for dairy cattle in Córdoba, Argentina. Int J Biomet 48:6–9
Du Preez JH, Giesecke WH, Hattingh PJ (1990) Heat stress in dairy cattle and other livestock under southern African conditions. I. Temperature-Humidity Index mean values during the four main seasons. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 57:77–87
Eigenberg RA, Brown-Brandl TM, Nienaber JA, Hahn GL (2005) Dynamic response indicators of heat stress in shaded and non-shaded feedlot cattle. Part 2: Predictive relationships. Biosyst Eng 91:111–118
Eigenberg RA, Brown-Brandl TM, Nienaber JA (2008) Development of a graphical web-based heat stress forecast for feedlot cattle. Paper No. 083887, ADSABE, St. Joseph, 6pp
Gaughan JB, Mader TL, Holt SM, Lisle A (2008) A new heat load index for feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 86:226–234
Hahn GL (1969) Predicted vs. measured production differences using summer air conditioning for lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 52:800–802
Hahn GL (1976) Rational environmental planning for efficient livestock production. Biometeorology 6(Part II):106–114
Hahn GL, Osburn DD (1969) Feasibility of summer environmental control for dairy cattle based on expected production losses. Trans ASAE 12:448–451
Hahn L, McQuigg JD (1970a) Expected production losses for lactating Holstein dairy cows as a basis for rational planning of shelters. Int J Farm Bldgs Res 4:2–8
Hahn L, McQuigg JD (1970b) Evaluation of climatological records for rational planning of livestock shelters. Agric Meteorol 7:131–141
Hahn GL, Gaughan JB, Mader TL, Eigenberg RA (2009) Thermal indices and their applications for livestock environments. In: Thermal Environment and Livestock Energetics. ASABE, St. Joseph, pp 113–130
Howden SM, Turnpenny J (1997) Modelling heat stress and water loss of beef cattle in subtropical Queensland under current climates and climate change. In: McDonald DA, McAleer M (eds) Modsim ’97 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation Proceedings, 8–11 December, University of Tasmania, Hobart. MSSA, Canberra, pp 1103–1108
Huhnke RL, McCowan LC, Meraz GM, Harp SL, Payton ME (2001) Determining the frequency and duration of elevated Temperature-Humidity Index. Technical Report 01-4111, ASAE, St. Joseph, 12pp
Ingraham RH, Gillette DD, Wagner WD (1974) Relationship of temperature and humidity to conception rate of Holstein cows in subtropical climate. J Dairy Sci 57:476–481
Jonsson NN, McGowan MR, McGuigan K, Davison TM, Hussain AM, Kafi M, Matschoss A (1997) Relationships among calving season, heat load, energy balance and postpartum ovulation of dairy cows in a subtropical environment. Anim Reprod Sci 47:315–326
Keenlyside NS, Lafit M, Jungclaus J, Kornblueh L, Roeckner E (2008) Advancing decadal-scale climate prediction in the North Atlantic sector. Nature 453:8488
Khalifa HH, Shalaby T, Abdel-Khalek TMM (2005) An approach to develop a biometeorological thermal discomfort index for sheep and goats under Egyptian conditions. Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Biometeorology, International Society of Biometeorology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, pp 118–122
Mader TL, Davis MS (2002) Wind speed and solar radiation correction for the Temperature-Humidity Index. Proceedings of the 16th Congress ISB./15th AMS Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology, Boston, pp 154–157
Mader TL, Davis MS, Brown-Brandl T (2006) Environmental factors influencing heat stress in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 84:712–719
Mayer DG, Davison TM, McGowan MR, Young BA, Matschoss AL, Hall AB, Goodwin PJ, Jonsson NN, Gaughan JB (1999) Extent and economic effect of heat loads on dairy cattle production in Australia. Aust Vet J 77:804–808
Mitchell MA, Kettlewell PJ, Hunter RR, Carlisle AJ (2001) Physiological stress response modeling applications to the broiler transport thermal environment. Proceedings of the 6th International Livestock Environment Symposium. ASAE, St. Joseph, pp 550–555
Morton JM, Tranter WP, Mayer DG, Jonsson NN (2007) Effects of environmental heat on conception rates in lactating dairy cows: critical periods of exposure. J Dairy Sci 90:2271–2278
Roseler DK, Fox DG, Pell AN, Chase LE (1997) Evaluation of alternative equations for prediction of intake in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 80:864–877
St-Pierre NR, Cobanov B, Schnitkey G (2003) Economic losses from heat stress by US livestock industries. J Dairy Sci 86(E. Suppl):E52–E77
Thom EC (1959) The Discomfort Index. Weatherwise 12:57–60
Valtorta S, Leva P, Castro H, Gallardo M, Maciel M, Guglielmone A, Anziani O (1998) Produccion de lecha en verano. [Milk production in summer.] Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, 18pp
Yalchin S, Ozkan S, Turkmut L, Siegel PB (2001) Responses to heat stress in commercial and local broiler stocks. 1. Performance traits. Br J Nutr 42:149–152
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gaughan, J., Hahn, L. (2010). Designing and Selecting Efficient Early Warning Strategies and Increasing Their Efficiencies for Animal Husbandry. In: Stigter, K. (eds) Applied Agrometeorology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74698-0_89
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74698-0_89
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74697-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74698-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)