Abstract
The components making upan Open Source GIS are explained in this chapter. A map server (Sect. 30.1) can broadly be defined as a software platform for dynamically generating spatially referenced digital map products. The University of Minnesota MapServer (UMN Map Server) is one such system. Its basic features are visualization, overlay, and query. Section 30.2 names and explains many of the geospatial open source libraries, such as GDAL and OGR. The other libraries are FDO, JTS, GEOS, JCS, MetaCRS, and GPSBabel. The application examples include derived GIS-software and data format conversions.
Quantum GIS, its origin and its applications explained in detail in Sect. 30.3. The features include a rich GUI, attribute tables, vector symbols, labeling, editing functions, projections, georeferencing, GPS support, analysis, and Web Map Server functionality. Future developments will address mobile applications, 3-D, and multithreading. The origins of PostgreSQL are outlined and PostGIS discussed in detail in Sect. 30.4. It extends PostgreSQL by implementing the Simple Feature standard. Section 30.5 details the most important open source licenses such as the GPL, the LGPL, the MIT License, and the BSD License, as well as the role of the Creative Commons.
Keywords
- Global Position System
- Geographic Information System
- Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
- Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
- Structure Query Language
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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- 2-D:
-
two-dimensional
- 3-D:
-
three-dimensional
- AJAX:
-
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
- API:
-
application programming interface
- AVHRR:
-
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
- ArcIMS:
-
ArcGIS Internet Map Server
- BIL:
-
band interleaved by line
- BIP:
-
band interleaved by pixel
- BSD:
-
Berkeley Software / Source Distribution
- BSQ:
-
band sequential
- CAD:
-
computer aided design
- CGI:
-
Commission for the Management and Application of Geoscience Information
- CGI:
-
Common Gateway Interface
- CS:
-
coordinate system
- CSS:
-
Cascading Style Sheets
- CVS:
-
Concurrent Versions System
- DBMS:
-
database management system
- DE-9IM:
-
Dimensionally Extended 9 Intersection Model
- DEM:
-
digital elevation model
- DHTML:
-
dynamic HTML
- DOQ:
-
Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle
- DRG:
-
Digital Raster Graphics
- DRM:
-
Digital Rights Management
- DTD:
-
Document Type Definition (of XML)
- DWG:
-
Domain Working Group
- DXF:
-
Drawing Exchange Format
- EPSG:
-
European Petroleum Survey Group
- Esri:
-
Environmental Systems Research Institute
- FDO:
-
feature data object
- FME:
-
feature manipulation engine
- GDAL:
-
Geospatial Data Abstraction Library
- GDB:
-
generic database
- GEO:
-
Global Environment Outlook
- GEO:
-
Group on Earth Observations
- GEOS:
-
Geometry Engine – Open Source
- GIF:
-
graphics interchange format
- GIS:
-
Geographic Information System
- GML:
-
Geography Markup Language
- GNSS:
-
Global Navigation Satellite System
- GPL:
-
GNU General Public License
- GPS:
-
Global Positioning System
- GPX:
-
Global Positioning System Exchange Format
- GRASS:
-
Geographic Resources Analysis Support System
- GSDAS:
-
geospatial database access system
- GUI:
-
graphical user interface
- GiST:
-
Generalized Search Tree
- HDOP:
-
horizontal dilution of precision
- HTML:
-
Hypertext Markup Language
- HTTP:
-
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
- IDL:
-
Interactive Data Language
- IE:
-
Internet Explorer
- IE:
-
Interoperability experiment
- ISO:
-
International Organization for Standardization
- IT:
-
information technology
- JCS:
-
JCS conflation suite
- JPEG:
-
Joint Photographic Experts Group
- JTS:
-
Java Topology Suite
- KGIS:
-
King George Island GIS
- KML:
-
Keyhole Markup Language
- LGPL:
-
GNU Lesser General Public License
- MIT:
-
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- NASA:
-
US National Aeronautical and Space Administration
- NDVI:
-
normalized difference vegetation index
- NHD:
-
National Hydrography Dataset
- NRAMS:
-
natural resource analysis and mapping system
- ODBC:
-
Open Database Connectivity
- OGC:
-
Open Geospatial Consortium
- OGR:
-
OpenGIS Simple Features Reference Implementation
- OLGP:
-
online geospatial processing
- OS:
-
Ordnance Survey
- OSGeo:
-
Open Source Geospatial Foundation
- PDF:
-
portable document format (Adobe)
- PDOP:
-
position dilution of precision
- PNG:
-
portable network graphics
- QGIS:
-
Quantum GIS
- RDBMS:
-
relational database management system
- ROI:
-
region of interest
- SCAR:
-
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
- SDF:
-
AutoDesk Spatial Data Files
- SDI:
-
spatial data infrastructure
- SGML:
-
Standard Generalized Markup Language
- SOS:
-
Sensor Observation Service
- SQL:
-
Structured Query Language
- SRID:
-
spatial reference identifier
- SVG:
-
Scalable Vector Graphics
- SWF:
-
Shockwave Flash
- TIGER:
-
Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing system
- TIN:
-
Triangulated Irregular Network
- UCB:
-
University of California at Berkeley
- UMN:
-
University of Minnesota
- UND:
-
University of North Dakota
- UNEP:
-
United Nations Environment Programme
- URL:
-
Uniform Resource Locator
- USGS:
-
United States Geological Survey
- VB:
-
Visual Basic
- VDOP:
-
vertical dilution of precision
- WCS:
-
Web Coverage Service
- WFS:
-
Web Feature Service
- WKB:
-
well known binary
- WMS:
-
Web Map Server
- WMTS:
-
Web Map Tile Service
- XML:
-
Extensible Markup Language
- netCDF:
-
network Common Data Form
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Vatsavai, R.R., Burk, T.E., Lime, S., Hugentobler, M., Neumann, A., Strobl, C. (2011). Open-Source GIS. In: Kresse, W., Danko, D. (eds) Springer Handbook of Geographic Information. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72680-7_30
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