Abstract
There has been a dramatic increase in the remote-sensing data volume being acquired from Earth orbit over the past two decades. Although none of these satellite instruments were designed specifically to monitor volcanic eruptions, many government agencies and university partnerships are currently utilizing them for this task. Most rely on high temporal/moderate spatial resolution instruments (e.g., MODIS, AVHRR, GOES) to monitor transient and temporally variable anomalies such as eruption clouds and hot spots. The uses of these instruments for such purposes are detailed in Chapters 3, 4 and 6. However, in order to better develop a quantitative scientific basis from which to model transient geological and meteorological hazards as well as map small-scale phenomena, higher spatial/spectral resolution datasets are commonly needed. Whereas moderate-resolution data may be frequently received directly from the satellite at many institutes globally, access to, and temporal frequency of, coverage from high-resolution instruments has been limited because much of the data must be specially acquired and purchased using a few government (e.g., ASTER, ETM+) and commercial (e.g., IKONOS, QuickBird) providers. Despite this, high-resolution data use has increased greatly as their capabilities have become recognized. The data from these sensors are particularly useful for numerous aspects of volcanic remote sensing. For example, high spatial resolution/multispectral thermal infrared data are critical for monitoring low-temperature anomalies and mapping both chemical and textural variations on volcanic surfaces. The data can also be integrated into a near-real time monitoring effort that is based primarily on high temporal/moderate spatial resolution orbital data. This synergy allows small-scale activity to be targeted for science and response, and the establishment of a calibration baseline between each sensor. The focus of this chapter is to highlight how these high spatial resolution (<100 m/pixel) data, commonly with more spectral capabilities, are being used for volcanic mapping and monitoring in the North Pacific region. A review of volcanic remote-sensing research using these data is presented with attention paid to case studies of new research. These studies showcase the capabilities of higher resolution sensors to map pyroclastic flows and detect changes over time in those flows (Mt. Augustine Volcano), and to document detection of volcanic terrains using a fusion approach of data from the visible to the radar wavelengths (Westdahl Volcano).
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Ramsey, M.S., Byrnes, J.M., Wessels, R.L., Izbekov, P. (2015). Applications of high-resolution satellite remote sensing for northern Pacific volcanic arcs. In: Monitoring Volcanoes in the North Pacific. Springer Praxis Books(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68750-4_4
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