7 Mammalian ACAT and DGAT2 gene families

Abstract

Mammalian isozymes of ACAT, DGAT, and MGAT are encoded by the ACAT and DGAT2 gene families. These enzymes catalyze the synthesis of neutral lipid cholesteryl esters (CE) and triacylglycerols (TG). CE and TG are the major constituents of the lipid core in the lipoprotein particles. In addition, CE is the major lipid material present in foam cells during development of atherosclerosis, while TG is the major lipid material in fat cells during development of obesity. The identification of the ACAT and DGAT2 gene families has paved the way for molecular and genetic approaches to elucidating the physiological functions of each enzyme. It also allows the biochemical dissection of neutral lipid synthesis. The knowledge gained has increased our understanding towards neutral lipid biosynthesis at the molecular level, and will help in the design of therapeutic strategies for combating diseases such as obesity and atherosclerosis.